Path Exam 1 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Atrophy - correct answer decrease in the size of a tissue or organ resulting from a decrease in cell size Causes of atrophy - correct answer - disuse and reduce functional demand - Insufficient nutrients - decreased blood flow - persistent cell injury - aging Hypertrophy - correct answer increase in cell size as well as an increase in the amount of functioning tissue mass Cause of hypertrophy - correct answer increase in workload Hyperplasia - correct answer Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue Where does hyperplasia occur? - correct answer tissues with cells that are capable of mitotic division Metaplasia - correct answer Represents a reversible change in which one adult type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type When does metaplasia typically occur? - correct answer In response to chronic irritation and inflammation and allows for substitution of cells that are better able to survive under that circumstance Dysplasia - correct answer Deranged cell growth Dysplasia is strongly implicated as a precursor of _____? - correct answer cancer Injurious agents to the cell - correct answer - Hypoxia - Heat and Cold - Electricity - Chemical Agents - Biologic Agents - Radiation - Nutritional Imbalances Hypoxic Injury results. from - correct answer - reduced amount of oxygen in the air - loss of hemoglobin or decreased efficacy of hemoglobin - decreased production of RBC - diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems What is the single most common cause of cellular injury - correct answer hypoxia Ischemia - correct answer decreased blood supply to an organ that causes damage what is the most common cause of hypoxia - correct answer ischemia Ischemia-reperfusion injury - correct answer additional injury that can be caused by restoration of blood flow and oxygen