NES Elementary Education Subtest 1 Exam Questions and Answers

NES Elementary Education Subtest 1 Exam Questions and Answers the tools of communication children use to form their understanding of the word - ANSWER reading, writing, listening, and speaking Competency 1 - ANSWER demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of language development, oral language skills, listening comprehension skills, and phonological and phonemic awareness. Informal conversations - ANSWER Time to talk about things that interest and excite children. Language play - ANSWER Exploring rhythms, sounds, and tones that young children delight in as they work and play. Rhymes and song - ANSWER Experiences rich in rhythm and rhyme encourage children to play with words. Stories - ANSWER Children discover new words and meanings as they listen to good stories — either told or read aloud. Group talk - ANSWER Times during the day when conventions of shared conversations are learned and practiced. Because this entire period between birth and the early elementary school years helps prepare children with the skills important for conventional literacy, we refer to this critical stage of language development as . - ANSWER Emergent Literacy The key is to make reading and writing to the everyday life of the classroom and to make literacy activities to each child. - ANSWER fundamental, relevant and to what the children have to say and they will learn to do the same. - ANSWER listen, respond LEA - ANSWER Language Experience Approach Dictated Stories - ANSWER LEA stressed syllable in a line of verse both environmental and physical. Common conditions include inadequate language stimulation (neither talking to nor playing with the child); delayed general development; parents/guardians or siblings who often talk for the child; medical and physical problems; family history of language delay; learning disabilities; and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Listening can be described as part of an active communication process that involves , , and to verbal input. - ANSWER receiving, interpreting, responding The three steps in the listening process are , , and meaning. - ANSWER receiving, attending, assigning meaning Students can be given opportunities to develop and practice listening skills during three phases of the listening process: , and . - ANSWER pre- listening, during listening, after listening discriminative listening - ANSWER distinguishing beginning consonant sounds, for example aesthetic listening - ANSWER for enjoyment critical listening - ANSWER to evaluate a message efferent listening - ANSWER to understand a message phonological - ANSWER the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes phoneme - ANSWER (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language ANSWER an understanding that words are composed of sound units and that sound units can be combined to form words. graphemes - ANSWER a written symbol that is used to represent speech orthography - ANSWER a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols Phonological awareness - ANSWER the awareness that language is composed of sounds and the understanding of the relationship of these sounds, such as rhyming and identifying sound units such as words in sentences, syllables, onsets, and rimes. A is a basic unit of speech sounds that can be divided into two parts—onsets and rimes. - ANSWER syllable onset - ANSWER the consonant sound that precedes the vowel of the syllable rime - ANSWER the vowel and any consonant sound that follows the onset. Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER refers to the ability to focus on, hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes, or the individual sounds that make up spoken words. Phoneme segmentation - ANSWER is a child's ability to recognize the separate sound units of words phoneme blending - ANSWER is a child's ability to string together phonemes in a meaningful way to create words. Standard American English contains about basic phonemes, although differences in regional pronunciation and dialect can generate more. - ANSWER 42 One would expect that since there are 26 letters in the alphabet that there would be only phonemes. - ANSWER 26 Phoneme isolation - ANSWER —recognizing the individual sounds in words. For example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word top (/t/)." Phoneme identity— - ANSWER recognizing the common sound in different words. For example, "Tell me the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)." Phoneme substitution— - ANSWER turning one word into another by substituting one phoneme for another. Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (top- mop), middle sounds (top-tap) or ending sounds (top-tot).