BIOL 101 Exam 1 Questions And Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

What is science? What is biology? Why is biological literacy essential in the modern world? - Science - collection of facts; process for understanding the world; involves objective observation and experimentation Biology - the study of living things Biological Literacy - use scientific inquiry; communicate ideas about biology to others; integrate ideas about biology into your decision making - Avoid being bamboozled What are the steps of the Scientific Method? Do these steps always need to be followed in sequential order? - 1.) Make observations 2.) Formulate a hypothesis 3.) Devise a testable prediction 4.) Conduct a critical experiment 5.) Draw conclusions and make revisions Doesn't necessarily continue linerally What are some important characteristics of a hypothesis? Why is the experiment an important part of the Scientific process? - Important characteristics - must accomplish:1.) Clearly establish mutually exclusive alt. explanations. Be clear if the proposed explanation isn't supported by evidence or further observations, a different hypothesis is a more likely explanation. 2.) Generate testable predictions. Evaluate the validity of a hypothesis only by putting it to the test. A critical experiment makes it clear whether a hypothesis is correct What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? What are some examples of scientific theories? - - Hypothesis - proposed explanation for a phenomenon/ observation - Thesis - working explanation for natural phenomenon that is exceptionally well-supported by the data - A hypothesis that has withstood the test of time and is unlikely to be altered by any new evidence - Cell Theory - organisms are composed of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells - Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection - species can change over time and all species are related to one another through common ancestry How do scientists define life? - 2 Characteristics: 1.) Ability to replicate 2.) Ability to carry out some sort of metabolism What are the 3 phases or steps involved in making life possible? - 1.) Formation of small molecules containing carbon and hydrogen 2.) Formation of self-replicating info-containing molecules 3.) Development of a membrane enabling metabolism and creating the 1st cells How do you define a species? - - Species - label different kinds of organisms - Biological Species Concept - populations of individuals that interbreed with each other or could possibly interbreed (and their babies can have babies) - Reproductive Isolation - populations that cannot interbreed with organisms outside their own group* Many exceptions outside of the plant and animal kingdoms What are the 4 eukaryotic kingdoms? Give an example of each? - 1.) Plants - snakes, dolphins, nudibranch 2.) Animals - dodder, moss, liverwort 3.) Fungi - mushrooms, yeasts, molds 4.) Protists - amoebas, paramecia, and algae How do we define protists? - - Unicellular organisms that don't fit in the other eukaryotic kingdoms - Not a monophyletic group - Can't see with the naked eye How is the diversity of life categorized? (Taxonomic order) - Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species