NEET: Biological Classification Questions with Answers (All Answers Correct)

Classification - Answer-It is the arrangement of living organisms into groups created on the basis of similarities and dismilarities Car von Linneaus - Answer-Considered as the father of taxonomy - also classified living organisms into two kingdoms - Plantae and Animalia Artificial system - Answer-includes only one or few morphological (external) features to classify organisms - such as floral parts - sexual sys. of classification Natural System - Answer-include as many morpholigical characteristics as possible at the time of collection. It accounts for both external and internal obersvable features in relation to phylogeny. Thus a it indicates a natural evolutionary relationship. -Bentham and Hooker's class. of plants Phylogenetic system - Answer-mainly takes into account the phylogenetic or evolutionary traits/relationships -Engler and Prantl's -John Hutchinson (the families of flowering plants) - Dobzhansky and Mayr (animals) Two Kingdom classification - Answer-Linneaus classified all organism as plants or animals based on the presence of cell wall. Three Kingdom classification - Answer-Haeckel; 1866 - organisms were classified into plants, animals or protista on the basis of lack of tissue differentiation. Four Kingdom classification - Answer-Copeland; 1956 -1. Monera: prokaryotes 2. Protista: true nucleate unicellular org. 3. Plantae: photosynthetic and multi cellular 4. Animalia: having non-photosynthetic and multi cellular Five Kingdom classification - Answer-RH Whittaker; 1969 - classified all organisms on the basis of - complexity of body structure (eukar/prokar) - complexity of cell structure (unicellular/multi) - mode of nutrition (autotrophic/heterotrophic) - ecological life-style (producers, consumers) - phylogenetic relationships Six Kingdom classificaiton - Answer-(1990); Carl Woese, O Kandler, ML Wheelis proposed their system based on recent nucleic acid hybridisation and rRNA sequencing method - Monera - Archaebacteria - Eubacteria (true bacteria) - Protista - Fungi - Plantae - Animalia Archaebacteria - Answer-- prokaryotic and unicellular - DNA associated w/ some proteins on chromosome + introns are present - no nuclear envelope, membrane-bound organelles, or chloroplasts - non-cellulosic cell wall; diff. from eubacteria - conjunction, transformation, transduction - hetero- or chemoautotrophic (eg. halobacteria, thermoacidophiles and methanogens) - flagella/cilia is solid (9+0) rotating- no nerve system - anaerobic or aerobic - life cycle: haploid fission no spore formation Eubacteria - Answer-- prokaryotes and unicellular - DNA not assoc. with histone proteins +i introns are absent in most - no envelope, bound organelles or chloroplasts - non-cellulosic wall; peptidoglycan - conjunction, transformation, transduction - auto- or hetero- by absorption - flagella/cilia is solid (9+0) rotating - no nervous sys. - anaerobic or aerobic - haploid fission - some groups have uni- spore formation eg.: bacteria, cyanobacteria, rickettsias, etc.