AACN PCCN Practice Test Review 2024 Questions and Answers

AACN PCCN Practice Test Review 2024 Questions and Answers What are signs of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome - Correct Answer ️️ -Headache Nausea/vomiting Restlessness AMS Agitation Seizures What causes disequilibrium syndrome? How can it be avoided? - Correct Answer ️️ - This occurs when plasma solutes (i.e. urea) are lowered too quickly. Prevent by reducing dialysis time and increasing frequency. What causes myocarditis? - Correct Answer ️️ -Recent viral infections Cocaine abuse Autoimmune disease (i.e. SLE) What is a key intervention to increase preload in the setting of cardiac tamponade while waiting for a pericardiocentesis? - Correct Answer ️️ -Placing the patient in Trendelenburg's (feet above head). Consider: IVF D/C preload lowering agents: diuretics, nitrates, and morphine Signs of middle cerebral artery stroke - Correct Answer ️️ -* Contralateral hemiplegia * Sensory involvement * Aphasia (if dominant hemisphere involved) * Neglect (if non-dominant hemisphere involved) (i.e. denial of weakness) * Homonymous hemianopsia (loss of same visual field in both eyes) Signs of anterior cerebral artery stroke - Correct Answer ️️ -* Weakness or sensory loss of contralateral leg and proximal arm * Behavior disturbance (confusion, indecisiveness, memory loss, urinary incontinence) Signs of posterior cerebral artery stroke - Correct Answer ️️ -* Contralateral visual field loss * Color blindness * Impaired depth perception * Memory loss * Sensory loss * Nystagmus * Pupillary abnormalities * Ataxia Signs of a vertebral artery stroke - Correct Answer ️️ -* Ipsilateral numbness to face/nose/eye with contralateral numbness to body * Facial weakness * Vertigo * Ataxia * Nystagmus * Dysphagia * Dysarthria Hematochezia - Correct Answer ️️ -Bright red blood per rectum True/False: in a severe asthma attack, progression of PaCO2 to normal is a good sign. - Correct Answer ️️ -False. Progression of PaCO2 to normal or increased level indicates impending respiratory failure. Fidelity - Correct Answer ️️ -The duty to be faithful by keeping promises and fulfilling commitments. Beneficence - Correct Answer ️️ -* Preventing harm to others *Promoting and acting for the good of others *Eliminating harmful circumstances Nonmaleficence - Correct Answer ️️ -Do no harm Veracity - Correct Answer ️️ -Truthfulness What is a common electrolyte abnormality in patients with cancer? - Correct Answer ️️ -Hypercalcemia. It occurs in 33% of cancer patients. Caused by issue of calcium regulation (too much entering ECF or inadequate excretion by the kidneys). What is the definition of a STEMI? - Correct Answer ️️ -ST elevation (> 1.5 mm) at the J point in >/= 2 contiguous leads True/false: a drop in hemoglobin/hematocrit occurs early in the setting of a bleed. - Correct Answer ️️ -False. H/H may not change significantly for SEVERAL HOURS. What is the dose of IV fluid therapy used to prevent/correct AKI & target urine output? - Correct Answer ️️ -2-5 mL/kg/hr Target urine output: 200-300 mL/h