PCCN Renal Exam Practice Questions and Answers 100% Pass

PCCN Renal Exam Practice Questions and Answers 100% Pass A patient with chronic renal failure asks the nurse why he is anemic. The nurse explains that anemia accompanies chronic renal failure secondary to: a. Blood loss via the urine b. Renal insensitivity to vitamin A c. Inadequate production of erythropoietin d. Inadequate retention of serum iron - Correct Answer ️️ -c. Inadequate production of erythropoietin The kidney is sensitive to oxygen saturations and secretes erythropoietin as needed to signal the bond marrow to make more red blood cells. When the kidney fails, erythropoietin stops being produced and the patient becomes anemic. Functions of the kidney include: a. Formation of urine b. Regulation of body water and electrolytes c. Acid- base balance d. All of the above - Correct Answer ️️ -d. All of the above The kidney regulates many hormonal and electrolyte functions. The major functions are: formation of urine, regulation of body water and electrolytes , acid-base balance, production of erythropoietin and production of renin. Renal regulation of homeostasis includes: a. Excretion of metabolic waste b. Promotion of perfusion c. Secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) d. Absorption of vancomycin (Vancocin) - Correct Answer ️️ -a. Excretion of metabolic waste One of the major function of the kidney is to remove waste products. Perfusion is supported by cardiac function and volume status, secretion of ADH is from the pituitary and absorption of vancomycin occurs at the tissue level-vancomycin is cleared via the kidney. The three processes of urine formation include: a. Glomerular filtration, tubular filtration and tubular secretion b. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion c. Glomerular filtration, water reabsorption, excretion of sodium. d. Glomerular filtration, water secretion and sodium excretion. - Correct Answer ️️ -b. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion The formation of urine begins with glomerular filtration-then the tubules reabsorb or secrete electrolytes and particles. This are the major processes. The tubules do not filtrate; sodium is regulated by multiple processes and is not a major process of the kidney function. Water reabsorption is a function of tubular reabsorption or secretion. The Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) a. Equals about 180 liter/day b. Equals about 125 mL/minute c. Is often calculated by pharmacy and intensivists for drug administration d. All of the above - Correct Answer ️️ -d. All of the above GFR, a good indication of renal function, equals about 180 liters/day or about 125 mL/minute and is a calculated number by many critical care team members to dose drugs. GFR is an excellent measure of current renal function. Renal assessment includes: a. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) b. Creatinine c. Urine output for 24 hours d. All of the above - Correct Answer ️️ -d. All of the above The best measure of current renal function is to measure 24-hour urine formation, GFR and creatinine. These three focus on the kidney's ability to filter, absorb and secrete. This information is found in he RIFLE study. Blood-urea- nitrogen (BUN) is a reflection of: a. Hydration, catabolic state and presence of blood in the gut b. Hydration, liver function and renal clearance c. Renal absorption of sodium, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) d. Renal excretion of potassium, liver failure and fluid over load - Correc