PCCN Exam Practice Questions and Answers

PCCN Exam Practice Questions and Answers What is the function of the cardiovascular system - Correct Answer ️️ -to drive O2 to the cell so that the cell can make ATP for energy production What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT - Correct Answer ️️ -Stroke volume x Heart Rate CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility) What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each MINUTE? - Correct Answer ️️ -Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM ) What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each BEAT? - Correct Answer ️️ -Stroke Volume What is the term for the number of contractions / minute? - Correct Answer ️️ -Heart Rate IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS TO KNOW - Correct Answer ️️ -1. CO DECREASED - > HR INCREASES ( to maintain adequate stroke volume ) 2. CO INCREASED -> HR DECREASES ( as stroke volume decreases ) 3. HR DECREASED -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES 4. HR INCREASES ( > 150 ) -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES 5. SV DECREASES -> CO DECREASES and HR INCREASES 6. SV INCREASES -> CO INCREASES and HR DECREASES What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute adjusted for body size - Correct Answer ️️ -Cardiac Index What is a normal cardiac index? - Correct Answer ️️ -Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2 **Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients) What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume? - Correct Answer ️️ -60 to 100 mL What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle? - Correct Answer ️️ -Preload ( increased fluid = increased stroke volume ) What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in order to eject blood into the circulatory system? - Correct Answer ️️ -Afterload What is the term for the inotropic state the cardiac muscle - Correct Answer ️️ - Contractility (how well the heart is contracted) Preload is the function of which part of the circulatory system? - Correct Answer ️️ - VEINS FUNCTION OF VEINS = PRELOAD What is the RIGHT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? - Correct Answer ️️ -CVP (Central venous pressure) (Normal is approx. 2 - 8 mmhg) What is a normal central venous pressure ? - Correct Answer ️️ -Approximately 2 - 8 mmhg What is the LEFT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? - Correct Answer ️️ -PAOP (Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure) / PAW pulmonary artery wedg