Storm Water Management (Chapter 8) exam questions fully solved & updated 2024

Pervious surfaces Water can infiltrate -Green space Impervious surfaces Water slides over/increases runoff -pavement, sidewalks, concrete Structural Methods -Constructed or built -You can visibly see it Non-structural Methods -Planning -Educating the public -Media aren't intangible -Mainly communication Point Source Pollution An object or place where you can ID where the point at which contamination is taking place (industry, pipes, etc) Non-Point Source Pollution You cannot clearly ID where the pollution is coming from -Runoff from several different points *Biggest problem with runoff and storm water management Storm Water Control Measures (SCM) *Vary in scale (from a development site to a watershed), timing in the runoff regime (placed at different points from sheet flow to concentrated flow), objectives (runoff storage, conveyance, infiltration, treatment, detention). *May be either structural or non structural -Watershed approach -Green Infrastructure -Neighborhood design Watershed approach -A holistic approach -Wide range of strategies: 1)Structural 2)Non-structural -Examples: *Maryland Stormwater Management Program *Washington Stormwater Management Program Maryland Stormwater Management Program Emphasized runoff flow control -2000 the MDE had proposed new regulations to promote environmentally sustainable techniques for controlling the quantity and quality of runoff from new development -Maryland Stormwater Design Manual: establishes specific design criteria and procedures for localities -Program includes initiatives by giving credits for such methods in these sizing calculations for required water quality, recharge, and channel protection volumes Washington Stormwater Management Program -Created in response to 1987s Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan, which called on the agency (WDOE) to develop guidance for stormwater quality improvement -The Puget Sound Manual updated in 2005 to apply to all of Western Washington -Provides 10 minimum requirements for new and redevelopment -Green stormwater infrastructure Watershed approach: Structural strategies -Building levees, dams, retention ponds -Constructing water treatment facilities -Treatment of wastewater -Building pervious pavements -Constructing green roofs Watershed approach: Non-structural strategies -Educating the public -Awareness campaigns -Emergency response plans -Training emergency response personnel -Wetlands protection -Zoning ordinances Green infrastructure -Riparian buffers -Buffering shorelines -Lake protection Riparian Zones Benefits water quality, aquatic ecology, and wildlife habitat -Vegetation are critical to protection and restoration in watershed management Riparian Buffers "Barrier" along the river -Grow tree line along the river channel -Vegetation absorbs and filters runoff water Neighborhood design Incorporates green infrastructure GOALS -Minimize impervious surfaces (by building pervious ones) -Maintain natural vegetation -Maintain drainage -Manage development density *Low's light imprint tries to integrate these with livable community design *Low argues that LID low-density solutions work against design objectives for walkability and social connectivity *Higher density reduces runoff Onsite Neighborhood Controls -Storage -Infiltration -Conveyance Onsite Neighborhood Controls: Storage Roof gardens -depth of soil very deep (can support trees) Eco-roofs -depth of soil very small Bio-retention ponds Onsite Neighborhood Controls: Infiltration Vegetated infiltration basin -when there is vegetation, infiltration rates improve Trenches Pervious pavements Onsite Neighborhood Controls: Conveyance Moving runoff where you want it/Helping water to be transported -Effectively assists natural drainage to move water into storage and infiltration control measures -Swales: filter impurities' vegetated channels that drain stormwater to natural channels High density neighborhoods -Argued to be much better than low density -Smaller the lots, lower the extent of impervious surfaces -Provides space for storm water controls (natural drainage, swales, retention ponds) -Reduces runoff Low density neighborhoods -Larger the lots, higher the extent of impervious surfaces -Infrastructure designed to increase connectivity -Increased runoff Storm water management implementations -Pervious surfaces (porous concrete & asphalt, etc) -Rain garden -Remove rain gutter downspouts from storm drains and let rainwater drain to pervious surfaces -Green roofs which provide water drainage and storage -Bioretention basins/rain gardens: provides storage and slow release along with infiltration and treatment benefits -Infiltration basins in parking lots Infiltration basins Drains water from impervious surfaces and uses vegetation for both water treatment & aesthetic purposes; underlying gravel material enhances infiltration Roof gardens Intensive green roofs that have thicker soil and can grow deeper rooted plants Ecoroofs Extensive green roofs that have a thinner layer of soil and shallow roots for sedum and grasses