Milady Cosmetology State Board Review

Bacteria - One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics some are harmful and some are harmless. Direct Transmission - Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands),kissing,coughing, sneezing, and talking. Indirect transmission - Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor,nipper, or an environmental surface. Infection - Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. Germs - Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organs Microorganism - Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size. Parasites - Organisms that grow,feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host),while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive. Toxins - Various poisonous substance produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Virus - A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only though taking over the host cell's reproductive function. Cocci - Round shaped, alone Staphylococci - Clusters like bunches of grapes, may not cause infection in healthy humans. Causes pustules, and boils. Streptococci - Pus-forming arranged in curved lines like string of beads. Causes strep throat and blood poisoning. Diplococci - Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs. Causes pneumonia. Bacilli - Short rod shaped. Causes tetanus, lockjaw,tuberculosis, and diphtheria.Moves using flagella. Spirilla - Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. Causes sexually transmitted disease, and syphilis. Moves using flagella. Active Stage of bacteria - Bacteria grow and reproduce in warm, damp or dirty places. Inactive or spore forming stage - During this stage bacteria coat themselves with wax like outer shells. This helps them withstand famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. MRSA - Occurs with persons with weakened immune systems or people whom have undergone medical procedures. Signs may be pimples, rashes, boils. Quaternary ammonium compounds - Quats are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon. Formula contains anti-rust ingredients, so leaving tools in solution for a prolonged period of time can cause dulling or damage. (Barbicide) Phenolic Disinfectants - Form of formaldehyde, high pH and can damage skin or eyes. Known as carcinogens. Sodium hypochlorite - Bleach Porous - An item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Absorbent. Examples would be; towels, linens, nail files or buffers. Chelating soaps - Works to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. 1 gallon - 128 ounces 5 gallons - 640 ounces Antiseptics - Chemical formulated for use on the skin registered and formulated by the FDA. Asymptomatic - Showing no symptom or signs of infection. Trichology - Study of hair, skin, and glands. A mature hair strand is divided into two parts - Hair Root and Hair Shaft Hair Root - Part of hair located below the surface of the epidermis. Hair bulb - lowest part of a hair strand. It is thickened, club-shaped that forms the lower part of the hair root. Lower part of the hair bulb fits over and covers the derma papilla.