NSC 170 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

Carb Production - Answer-Produced by photosynthesis Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - Answer-Glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides (simple carbs) - Answer-Sucrose = glucose + fructose Lactose = glucose + galactose Maltose = glucose + glucose Polysaccharides - Answer-many monosaccharides linked together Starch - Answer-storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants Glycogen - Answer-Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles Fiber - Answer-A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines Health Benefits of Fiber - Answer-- Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering cholesterol levels - Slows glucose absorption - Keeps you fuller, longer Carb Digestion - Answer-- Mouth (Salivary Amylase) - Stomach - Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme) - Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides) Insulin - Answer-Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas) Glucagon - Answer-Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and liver) Krebs cycle - Answer-How we produce ATP (usable energy) Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - Answer-- Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue) - Insulin (obesity) Essential Fatty Acids - Answer-Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids -Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory) -Omega 6's