CHAPTER 4: MOTIVATION
MOTIVATION THEORIES
Maslows Theory
1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS – Lowest order of human needs (water, food, shelter and other bodily
needs). These can be acquired if money and employment are there.
2. SAFETY AND SECURITY – Physical safety, negotiated job contract, school
3. BELONGING NEEDS – belonging to formal/informal groups, professional unions and
associations policy and school rules.
4. STATUS AND SELF ESTEEM – Recognition, promotion, awards, respect by others policy and
school rules.
5. SELF ACTUALISATION – working at full potential, feeling successful, achieving goals policy and
school rules.
Hertzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory
MOTIVATORS HYGIENE FACTORS
➢ Achievement ➢ Work environment
➢ Recognition ➢ Type of supervision
➢ The work itself ➢ Salary and working conditions
➢ Responsibility ➢ Job security
➢ Advancement ➢ School policies
➢ Growth ➢ Educational and school management
➢ Status
Mcgregor’s THEORY X AND Y
THEORY X THEORY Y
➢ People dislike work will do whatever is ➢ People respond positively to work
necessary to avoid it. ➢ Staff committed
➢ Most people are not ambitious, have ➢ Motivation at social, esteem level
little desire for responsibility. ➢ Ability to exercise high degree of
➢ Motivation only occurs at physiological imagination, ingenuity, creativity
and safely level. ➢ Each staff is an asset
➢ People possess limited abilities.
➢ No concept of fair day’s work
➢ Need control and direction
➢ Provides rewards and punishment
MOTIVATION THEORIES
Maslows Theory
1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS – Lowest order of human needs (water, food, shelter and other bodily
needs). These can be acquired if money and employment are there.
2. SAFETY AND SECURITY – Physical safety, negotiated job contract, school
3. BELONGING NEEDS – belonging to formal/informal groups, professional unions and
associations policy and school rules.
4. STATUS AND SELF ESTEEM – Recognition, promotion, awards, respect by others policy and
school rules.
5. SELF ACTUALISATION – working at full potential, feeling successful, achieving goals policy and
school rules.
Hertzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory
MOTIVATORS HYGIENE FACTORS
➢ Achievement ➢ Work environment
➢ Recognition ➢ Type of supervision
➢ The work itself ➢ Salary and working conditions
➢ Responsibility ➢ Job security
➢ Advancement ➢ School policies
➢ Growth ➢ Educational and school management
➢ Status
Mcgregor’s THEORY X AND Y
THEORY X THEORY Y
➢ People dislike work will do whatever is ➢ People respond positively to work
necessary to avoid it. ➢ Staff committed
➢ Most people are not ambitious, have ➢ Motivation at social, esteem level
little desire for responsibility. ➢ Ability to exercise high degree of
➢ Motivation only occurs at physiological imagination, ingenuity, creativity
and safely level. ➢ Each staff is an asset
➢ People possess limited abilities.
➢ No concept of fair day’s work
➢ Need control and direction
➢ Provides rewards and punishment
