Biology 1201 Final Exam Gregg with Complete Solutions

Biology 1201 Final Exam Gregg with Complete Solutions subatomic particles protons, neutrons, electrons Proton charge and location positive, nucleus neutron charge and location neutral, nucleus Electron charge and location negative (-) and outside nucleus in electron cloud valence electrons electrons in the outermost shell incomplete valence shells atoms can share or transfer electrons with other atoms, or make chemical bonds Atoms valence Bonding capacity = the number of unpaired electrons required to complete valence shell Chemically inert Atoms with a full valence shell, do not form bonds Covalent bond the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms Electronegativity A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons nonpolar covalent bond Share e- equally polar covalent bond unequal sharing of electrons The # of unpaired e- in the valence shell of an atom = Valence or # of covalent bonds it can form Properties of water cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent cohesion of water molecules hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, helps the transport of water against gravity in plants moderation of temperature by water Water absorbs heat from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature Versatility as a Solvent (Water) The property of water that allows it to dissolve polar substancess Solute what is being dissolved aqeuous solution a solution in which the solvent is waters Solution A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances Expansion upon freezing of water Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense than liquid water. The lattice structure of ice makes it less dense than the freely flowing molecules of liquid water, enabling it to float on water Hydration Shell the sphere of water