pathophysiology questions and answers 2024

pathophysiologyFailure to compensate to changes results in? - correct answer disease, death Define Pathophysiology? - correct answer study of the structural and function changes in cells, tissues and organs of the body that cause or caused by disease./failure to compensate Define homeostasis? - correct answer external change in environment results in a internal change by extracellular fluid and intercellular fluid and attempts to compensate. if successful homeostasis is maintained. Define Physiology? - correct answer study of homeostatic compensation Define Disease? - correct answer is an interruption cessation, or disorder in the function of cells, tissues, organ or organ system Disease is characterized by what? - correct answer recognized etiologic agents that CAUSE the disease, and identifiable group of signs and symptoms, constant anatomic alterations What are some etiologic agents that cause disease? - correct answer Biologic agents(bacteria, virus, or parasitic worm or insect) Physical forces(burns, crush, radiation) Chemical agents(poison, toxin) Molecular(not always, but often genetic:cystic fibrosis) Multifactoral(mulitple etiologic agents involved;MOST DISEASES) Idiopathic(when the etiologic agent is unknown) what are some SIGNS of etiologic agents? - correct answer observable or measurable change;(ex increased heart rate,fever, weight gain) What are some SYMPTOMS of etiologic agents? - correct answer unobservable effects of a disease REPORTED BY PATIENT(ex: pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness) What are some SYNDROME characteristics of etiologic agents? - correct answer characteristics combo of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease. What is another way to categorize etiology? - correct answer based on timing: Congenital and Acquired Define Congenital timing of etiologic agents? - correct answer disease condition is PRESENT AT BIRTH, although may not become evident until much later(ex: Molecular-down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia) may be due to mother being exposed during preg(infected mother with german measles causes baby to have deafness, cataracts and heart disease) Define Acquired timing of etiologic agents? - correct answer disease is caused by events AFTER BIRTH. (ex: result of genetic predisposition combined with exposure to a different etiologic agent-asthma(genetic and exposure to certain mites) Define pathogenesis? - correct answer the sequence of cellular or tissue events that take place in time from the initial contact with the etiologic agent until the ultimate expressions of a disease or the development of the disease. IT IS THE PATTERN OF PROGRESSION. EX: Atherosclerosis(coronary artery disease) Define morphology? - correct answer refers to fundamental structure(how something looks) of cells tissues or organs. Define Morphologic changes? - correct answer are gross anatomic or microscopic changes characteristic of a particular disease. ex: LESIONS Where are distributions of lesions within the body? - correct answer Local-confined to one area of the