Orthotic fitter exam study guide Correct answers latest update

Orthotic fitter exam study guide Correct answers latest update What muscles make up the hamstrings semimembranosus, semitendinosis, bicep femoris Chondromalasis patella may be caused by over pronated foot, weak vastus medialis obliquis, weak gluestus medius What is Bursistis Inflammation of the bursa, causing swelling and pain What are bursa fluid filled sacs between tissues What is eccentric controlled movement in which you move toward an opposing force, rather than away. Lengthening of the muscle Example of eccentric muscle contraction lowering a weight, walking down stairs What is apropulsive gait foot drop, partial foot amputation or soft tissue dysfunction Proprioception rehabilitation can on occur during controlled motion when weight bearing Normally____, when torn loose by a sudden ____, seldom break in the middle rather, they _____ away from the _____ at the _____ Normally tendons, when torn loose by a sudden force, seldom break in the middle rather, they pull away from the bone at the end What is antalgic gait a gait in which the stance phase is shorter than the swing phase. It is a good indicator of weight bearing pain What is Ataxic gait an unsteady, uncoordinated walk with a wide base and the feet thrown out, coming down first on the heel and then the toes with a double tap What is the popliteal fossa cavity posterior to the knee What is the function of the skeletal system to provide a flexible foundation and manufacture red blood cells What is a shoulder joint ball and socket joint, muscle dominated joint and can move in all planes Joint stability requires adequate strength, appropriate ROM and adequate proprioception What is a closed kinetic chain a series of connected joints in which the distal segment is in fixed, weight bearing position. Orthotics can aid in eccentric muscle activity, reactive muscle activity and concentric muscle activity What is concentric muscle activation (contraction) that causes tension on your muscle as it shortens, generating enough force to move an object Example of concentric muscle contraction Bicep curl What is double-step gait a gait in which there is a noticeable difference in length/timing of alternate steps What are sacomeres overlapping work units within muscle structures How can the posterior cruciate ligament can be injured excessive ankle dorsiflexion and a so called dash-board injury. What is Chondromalasis of the patella roughening of the articulating surface of the patella What is an articulation forms a joint What is a collateral ligament any ligament running along the medial/lateral sides of a joint The foot/ankle complex serves what 3 purposes flexible adaptor to the terrain, flexible stabilizer during ROM and a rigid lever arm to propel off the terrain What is pronation motion in 3 joints at the same time in 1 plane What is Drag-to gait gait in which feet are dragged rather than lifted toward the crutches What is Haglands deformity a bone protuberance at the back of the heel that can be inflamed and cause pain. Usually occurs with high arched feet or high heeled shoes. AKA - Pump-bump Functional Orthotic semi-rigid balancing device designed to slip inside the shoe and control abnormal motion of the foot/ Device is made by taking a mold while it is held in the correct position What is proprioception Awareness of the position of the body and its parts How much frontal plane ROM does the calcaneus have 20 degees What is the calcaneus also know as Heel bone What is a joint connective tissue between bones What is the Acromio-Clavicular joint A-C joint in the shoulder What is the Gluteus Medius a hip external rotator, a hip abductor and it decelerates the hip internal rotation What are the 4 muscles in the rotator cuff supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis What is Trendelenburg gait a gait in which the pelvis sags on opposite side of nerve damage to gluteus medius causing pelvic instability What does a solid AFO inhibit all ankle motion What does a hinged AFO allow Dorsi/plantarflexion but NOT inversion/eversion