NSG 223 Exam 2: NSG 223 Exam 2 Study Guide: Latest Updated: Guaranteed A+ Score Guide

NSG 223 Exam 2: NSG 223 Exam 2 Study Guide Metabolic Acidosis: ABG interpretation (Ans- - low bicarbonate level less than 22 mEq/L and a low pH less than 7.35. The cardinal feature is a decrease in the serum bicarbonate level. Metabolic Alkalosis: ABG interpretation (Ans- - pH greater than 7.45 and a serum bicarbonate concentration greater than 26 Respiratory Acidosis: ABG interpretation (Ans- - pH is less than 7.35 and PaCO2 is greater than 45 and a compensatory increases HCO3 Respiratory Alkalosis: (Ans- - pH is greater than 7.45 and the PaCO2 is less than 35 Treatments for Metabolic Acidosis Medical Management: (Ans- - Give Bicarb - Chronic metabolic acidosis treat calcium levels first - Avoid tetany - Watch for hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia Treatments for Metabolic Alkalosis Medical Management: (Ans- - Restore fluid volume - Give electrolytes as needed (Sodium chloride and Potassium chloride) - Give Tagamet - Hypokalemia - Urine Chloride, ID the cause Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Acute Respiratory Acidosis (Ans- - Underlying cause - Bronchodilators - BiPAP Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Chronic Respiratory Acidosis (Ans- - Antibiotics - Diuretics - Bronchodilators - Corticosteroids - Mechanical ventilation Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Respiratory Alkalosis (Ans- - Breathe into a bag - raise CO2 - Reassure patient - Pursed lip breathing Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis (Ans- - Build up of acid in the body due to kidney failure or disease - Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid from your blood - Hypocalcemia Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Alkalosis (Ans- - High pH, high plasma bicarbonate concertation - Gastric suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from potassium loss, Cushing's syndrome, long term diuretic and antacid use. Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory Acidosis (Ans- - Hypoventilation - inadequate excretion of CO2, High CO2 levels - Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome - Chronic hypercapnia - excessive CO2 in the blood - Chemoreceptors in your brain alerted to elevated CO2 - Ventilation Acute and Chronic causes of the 4 imbalances: Respiratory Alkalosis (Ans- - Hyperventilation - panic attack or anxiety, Low CO2 levels - Asthma - COPD - PE Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis (Ans- - Headache - Confusion - Increased respiratory rate and depth - Hypotension - Cool clammy skin - Dysrhythmias Clinical manifestations of the 4 imbalances: Metabolic Alkalosis (Ans- - Hypercalcemia - Hypertonic muscles - Depressed respirations - Hypokalemia - Decreased motility and paralytic ileus - Potassium decreases - PVCs or U waves are seen on ECCG