PMHNP Final Exam review short Questions with detailed Answers

The Nurse Practice Act of every state - -Provides title protection (who may be called a nurse practitioner)-Defines advanced practice -Prevailing state laws that define the scope of practice (what NPs may do) -Places restrictions on practice-Sets NP credentialing requirements (e.g., edu requirements,certification) Statutory law - -Rules and regulations differ for each state -May further define scope of practice and practice requirements -May provide restrictions in practice unique to specific state Scope of practice - -Defines NP roles and actions -Identifies competencies assumed to be held by all NPs who function in a particular role -Varies broadly from state to state -Advanced practice PMHNP standards are identified in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice Standards of practice - - Authoritative statements regarding the quality and type of practice that should be provided -Provide a way to judge the nature of care provided -Reflect the expectation for the care that should be provided to clients with various illnesses -Reflect professional agreement focused on the minimum levels of acceptable performance -Can be used to legally describe the standard of care that must be met by a provider -May be precise protocols that must be followed or more general guidelines that recommend actions HIPAA - -The first national comprehensive privacy protection act -Guarantees clients four fundamental rights: 1. To be educated about HIPAA privacy protection, 2. To have access to their own medical records, 3. To request amendment of their health information to which they object, 4. To require their permission for disclosure of their personal information. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) of 2009 - -Incentive payments for sharing specific EHR data -Meaningful use incentives -EHR can improve both individual and population-based health outcomes. -EHR can improve quality, safety, efficiency, effectiveness, and outcomes (E-prescribing, computerized physician order sets, tracking care and avoiding duplication of services) Exceptions to guaranteed confidentiality - -When appropriate persons or organizations determine that the need for information outweighs the principle of confidentiality -If a client reveals an intent to harm self or others -Info given to attorneys involved in litigation -Releasing records to insurance companies -Answering court orders, subpoenas, or summonses -Meeting state requirements for mandatory reporting of diseases or conditions -Tarasoff principle: Duty to warn a potential victim of imminent danger of homicidal clients -In cases of child or elder abuse Elements of informed consent - -Nature and purpose of proposed tx or procedure -Risks or discomforts and benefits of tx -Risks and benefits of not undergoing tx -Alternative procedures or tx -Diagnosis and prognosis -Provider must document in the medical record that informed consent has been obtained from the client. -PMHNP is responsible for ensuring that the client is cognitively capable of giving informed consent. Ethical principles: Justice - Doing what is fair; fairness in all aspects of care Ethical principles: Beneficence - Promoting well-being and doing good Ethical principles: Nonmaleficence - Doing no harm Ethical principles: Fidelity - Being true and loyal Ethical principles: Autonomy - Doing for sel