NBME practice exam Questions and Answers for the best Exam preparation

Mitotic cyclin synthesis G2 phase Vitamin E def anemia Hemolytic anemia~ red antioxidants vs B12 def (megaloblastic macrocytic anemia) Hemolysis~ dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc LDH (normal MCV), and neurologic symptoms vs B12 def: dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc MCV, and neurologic symptoms (dorsal column) Volume of distribution Vd = (amount of drug in the body) / (plasma drug concentration) Achondroplasia Endochondrial ossification dysfunction (inhibit chondrocyte proliferation) TGF beta over expression Fibroblast growth factor ~ keloid and hypertrophic scar development Thyroglossal duct cyst a palpable cystic midline mass (fill w/mucous) in the neck sub>supra hyoid bone ~incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct lined by lymphoid and mucous cells Connects tongue to thyroid gland developing: originates from tongue tissue Doesn't close completely-> cyst (fill w/mucous) -enlarge in infections, inc mucous, form thyroid cancer via ectopic thyroid tissue Moves w/tongue mvmt Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) Measurement in blood of newborn babies is an assay in rapidly increasing use as a screening test for cystic fibrosis Positive~ CF (2 mutations- AR to cause CF phenotype) Mullerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) vs androgen insensitivity Both present w/blind vaginal pouch and absent 1st menstrual period AI: XY w/absent hair development (inc tesoterone-> estrogen production and female characteristics) MIF still made in embryo, also may be very tall~ lack of androgen mediated growth plate closure MA: XX w/NORMAL hair development suspensory ligament of ovary Ligament that contains ovarian vessels -posterior to ligament~ ureter Oophorectomy: divides suspensory ligament~ risk of ovarian vessel of ureter damage Ureter: also runs behind the uterine artery (F) and vas deferens (M) near its entrance to the bladder delirium tremens (DTs) the dramatic physical and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawal -> autonomic instability~ hypokalemia (catecholamine mediated intracellular shifts of K+ via inc Na/K+ ATPase activity)-> arrythmias Beneficence weighing risks and costs of procedure against the benefits of treat ment vs nonmaleficence: avoiding the causation of harm Zellweger syndrome Peroxisomal disease can't metabolize very long chain FA (VLCFAs) or branched-chain FAs (e.g. phytanic acid, via alphaoxidation) Serum: high bilirubin, AST/ALT and VLFAs**