Bio 253 final exam all answers correct

Bio 253 final exam all answers correct Organelles are Organs of the Urinary system kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron functional unit of the kidney nephron 1 million per kidney! What parts make up the nephron? Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma) Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus) Efferent arteriole loop of henle What is the glomerulus made of? capillaries Function of a nephron filter blood and produce urine Two nephron types juxtamedullary and cortical juxtamedullary nephrons -Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla -Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments -Important in production of concentrated urine -found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla cortical nephrons -85% of all nephrons -short nephron loops -efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT How is urine made in the kidney? 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood. 2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle 3.)secretion 4.)filtration driving force for filtration hydrostatic pressure or BP What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? filtrate What is filtrate? mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate. -similar to blood plasma Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water). Status of water coming out of nephron loop? @ Lowest concentration (diluted) Process taking place in nephron loop? Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb. tubular secretion -selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts -From blood to tubular -Usually in the distal tubule -K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted Hormones that regulate kidney function directly : ADH Aldosterone ANH indirectly : Renin (created by kidney) Angiotensin Aldosterone function -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood Aldosterone: Target Cells kidneys ANH function Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+ Effects of ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore, decre