HMP 501 Final Exam Study Guide

HMP 501 Final Exam Study Guide James Lind is known for conducting one of the first clinical trials. He developed the theory that _________ curbed scurvy on naval ships. - Citrus Fruits Experimental studies differ from other study designs in that the investigator is able to manipulate the study factors and randomize the subjects. - True The process by which allocation of subjects to treatment groups is done by chance is called: - Randomization The Women's Health Initiative demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy offers a protective factor to many cancers. - False A study in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment is called a: - Double Blind Study An experimental study that looks at curative drugs or a new surgical procedure to improve the patient's health is called a: - Therapeutic Trial When study participants change their behavior because they know they are being studied, this is called the: - Hawthorne Effect If a study is classified based on disease status and there is no randomization, this is a: - Case- Control Study If a study is classified based on exposure, risk factor (or protective factor) status, and no randomization, following the same people over time, this is a: - Cohort Study If a study is classified based on an exposure and there is random assignment to treatment (exposure) groups, this is a: - Randomized Clinical Trial Cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma, diagnosed in Minnesota between 2014 and 2017 at ages 25 to 59, were ascertained from a statewide cancer registry (n=2500); age-matched and gender- matched controls were randomly selected from state driver's license lists (n=3000). Self- administered questionnaires and telephone interviews included information on ever use of indoor tanning, types of device used, initiation age, period of use, dose, duration, and indoor tanning- related burns. What type of study is this? - Case Control Study Cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma, diagnosed in Minnesota between 2014 and 2017 at ages 25 to 59, were ascertained from a statewide cancer registry (n=2500); age-matched and gender- matched controls were randomly selected from state driver's license lists (n=3000). Self- administered questionnaires and telephone interviews included information on ever use of indoor tanning, types of device used, initiation age, period of use, dose, duration, and indoor tanning- related burns. Imagine the results looked like this: What measure of risk will you use? - Odds Ratio Cohort studies differ from case control studies in that you can calculate the incidence rate in cohort studies. - True Please read the following partial abstract and answer the questions: Objectives: A study examined health-related quality of life in adults who became physically active at recommended levels over a 10-year period compared with adults with different physical activity patterns. Methods: To do this, they examined men and women aged 26 to 70 years in the study 3 times between 1995 and 2009. They distinguished participants who became physically active (n = 618), remained active (n = 1286), remained inactive (n = 727), became physically inactive (n = 535), or with varying activity levels (n = 455) over 10 years. They used multivariable linear regression analyses to determine differences in health-related quality of life(survey similar to the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) at 10-year follow-up. Results. Adults who became physically active reported better physical functioning, vitality, and general health after 10 years than did persistently inactive adults and adults who became inactive. They also reported less bodily pain and better social functioning than adults who became inactive. No differences were observed with adults who remained active or with varying activity levels.Conclusions.Adopting a physically active lifestyle may result in a better health- related quality of life, comparable