UCLA PHLEBOTOMY FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

UCLA PHLEBOTOMY FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ CERTIFICATION - ANSWER-ISSUANCE BY AN OFFICIAL BODY OF A CERTIFICATE TO A PERSON INDICATING THAT HE/SHE HAS MET CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS LICENSURE - ANSWER-LEGAL PERMISSION GRANTED BY THE STATE TO ENGAGE IN AN OCCUPATION OR ACTIVITY RECIPROCITY - ANSWER-ONE STATE RECOGNIZES THE LICENSURE GRANTED BY ANOTHER STATE HOW MANY CE'S DO YOU NEED AND HOW OFTEN TO RENEW? - ANSWER-6 CES EVERY 2 YRS WHAT ARE PHLEBOTOMISTS' RESPONSIBILITIES & DUTIES? - ANSWER-- ID AND PREP PT - COLLECTION OF SPECIMENS W/ CORRECT TECHNIQUE - LABELING PROPERLY - MAINTAIN ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE - TRANSPORT SPECIMENS - PROCESS SPECIMENS - COLLECT DATA / MAINTAIN SPECIMENS - FOLLOW QA PROCEDURES - MAINTAIN COMPUTER RECORDS - MAINTAIN SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT ETHICS - ANSWER-MORAL DUTY TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGHT & WRONG INTEGRITY - ANSWER-DEDICATED TO MAINTAINING HIGH STANDARDS DISCRETION - ANSWER-USE OF GOOD JUDGMENT AND PRUDENCE DIPLOMACY - ANSWER-USE OF TACT & UNDERSTANDING CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL LAB DIRECTOR - ANSWER-INTERPRETS RESULTS TO DIAGNOSE DISEASE PATHOLOGIST OR BIOANALYST CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL LAB ADMINISTRATOR / MANAGER - ANSWER-DAY - TO - DAY OPS OF LAB LIAISON BETWEEN DIRECTOR & LAB STAFF CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL TECHNICAL SUPERVISORS - ANSWER-DAILY WORK SCHEDULES & STAFFING ONE PER EACH LAB AREA CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL CLS - ANSWER-DIRECTS WORK OF OTHER LAB STAFF MAINTAINS QA STDS 4 YR MED TECH PROGRAM / 1 YR INTERNSHIP / BOARD EXAM CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL MLT / CLT - ANSWER-TESTS BLOOD / LYMPH / URINE REPORT ABNORMAL TEST VALUES TRAINS NEW EMPLOYEES 2 YR MED LAB PROGRAM TRAINING / CERT FROM APPROVED AGENCY CLINICAL LAB PERSONNEL BLOOD BANK TECH - ANSWER-CERT IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY TESTS FOR BLOOD GROUPS, ANTIGENS, AND ANTIBODY ID AND COMPATIBILITY CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS CHEMISTRY - ANSWER-LARGEST DEPARTMENT HIGHLY AUTOMATED IE: ELECTROLYTES ETOH BLOOD GLUCOSE CHOLESTEROL CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS HEMATOLOGY / COAGULATION - ANSWER-CBC (RBC'S, WBC'S, PLATELETS, HBG, HCT, SIZE & WEIGHT) PT (PROTHROMBIN TIME - COUMADIN TX) APTT (ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME - HEPARIN TX) CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS MICROBIOLOGY - ANSWER-TESTS FOR PRESENCE OF MICROORGANISMS & THEIR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS C&S TEST (CULTURE & SENSITIVITY) GRAM STAIN - PINK - NEGATIVE - PURPLE - POSITIVE IE: BLOOD CULTURES CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS IMMUNOLOGY / SEROLOGY - ANSWER-DETERMINES ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION OF THE BODY IE: DNA TESTING / ORGAN TRANSPLANT / BLOOD TRANSFUSION CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS BLOOD BANK - ANSWER-BLOOD TYPING & ANTIBODY TESTS BLOOD FROM DONORS IS TESTED HERE B4 BEING USED FOR TRANSFUSIONS *NO MISTAKES* CLINICAL LAB DEPARTMENTS URINALYSIS - ANSWER-PHYSICAL (COLOR / ODOR / TURBIDITY) CHEMICAL (ACIDITY - DIP STICK) MICROSCOPIC (CLEAN CATCH / MID STREAM URINE TEST) REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABS CLSI - ANSWER-ESTABLISHED GOLD STD GLOBALLY RECOGNIZED MADE UP OF VOLUNTEER REPS REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABS CAP - ANSWER-SETS STDS FOR PHLEBOTOMY PROFICIENCY TESTING (LAB TESTING BY PATHOLOGISTS & CLS'S) COMPARES RESULTS TO LABS ACROSS COUNTRY REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABS JCAHO - ANSWER-ACCREDITING AGENCY FOR HOSPITALS & NURSING HOMES INSPECTS EVERY 2 YRS ENFORCES GOLD STD (ESTABLISHED BY CLSI) WORKS WITH CAP TO PROVIDE LAB ACCREDITATION REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABS CLIA - ANSWER-CLINICAL LAB IMPROVEMENT AMENDMENTS / ACT QC / QA / RECORD KEEPING / PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS DIVIDES LABS INTO 3 CLASSES (WAIVED / MODERATE / HIGH) ENGINEERING CONTROL - ANSWER-CONTROLS THAT ISOLATE / REMOVE THE BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN HAZARD IE: SAFETY CAP CHAIN OF INFECTION (6) - ANSWER-1. INFECTIOUS AGENT 2. RESERVOIR 3. EXIT PATHWAY 4. MEANS OF TRANSMISSION 5. ENTRY PATHWAY 6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST IE: SNEEZING INTO HAND -> SHAKING HANDS WITH SOMEONE WITH PAPERCUT NO INFECTION IF 1 LINK IS MISSING PATHOGEN - ANSWER-DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISM NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION - ANSWER-INFECTION ACQUIRED AFTER ADMISSION INTO HOSPITAL / NURSING HOME / ETC MOST COMMON - UTI STANDARD / UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS ESTABLISHED & ENFORCED BY WHO? - ANSWER-ESTABLISHED BY CDC ENFORCED BY OSHA USED REGARDLESS OF PT'S DIAGNOSIS OR IF KNOWN TO BE INFECTIOUS MAIN CONCERNS: PPE (GLOVES) & HANDWASHING ARE MUY IMPORTANTE USE BLEACH SOLUTION 1:10 TO DISINFECT EQUIPMENT AND SURFACES (CAN ALSO USE OSHA APPROVED DISINFECTANT WIPES) INFECTIOUS FLUID EXAMPLES - ANSWER-SALIVA ONLY IN DENTAL PROCEDURES CSF PERICARDIAL FLUID ETC WHAT'S IMPORTANT ABOUT TESTING SPUTUM? - ANSWER-TEST FIRST THING IN AM USED FOR TB TEST?? ISOLATION TYPES (6) STRICT ISO - ANSWER-HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IE: PNEUMONIA / SMALL POX / DIPHTHERIA ISOLATION TYPES (6) ENTERIC ISO - ANSWER-INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IE: SALMONELLA / HEPB ISOLATION TYPES (6) CONTACT ISO - ANSWER-DISEASES THAT CAN BE SPREAD BY DIRECT CONTACT IE: MRSA ISOLATION TYPES (6) PROTECTIVE / NEUTROPENIC / REVERSE - ANSWER-USED TO PROTECT IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PTS IE: CANCER / BURNS ISOLATION TYPES (6) AIRBORNE ISO - ANSWER-DROPLETS SMALLER THAN 5 MICROMETERS IE: TB / MEASLES / HERPES **N95 REQUIRED** ISOLATION TYPES (6) DROPLET ISO - ANSWER-DROPLETS LARGER THAN 5 MICROMETERS OSHA - ANSWER-OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ADMINISTRATION MANDATES & ENFORCES SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS FEDERAL AGENCY HEP B VACCINATIONS OFFERED TO EE'S AT NO COST WHAT INFECTION ARE HEALTH CARE WORKERS MOST SUCCEPTIBLE TO? - ANSWER-HEP B MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) BACTERIA - ANSWER-MOST NUMEROUS UNICELLULAR MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) FUNGI - ANSWER-MOLDS AT 25C / YEASTS AT 37C REPRODUCES BY BUDDING MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) PROTOZOA - ANSWER-UNICELLULAR MOVE BY CILIA (FALSE FEET) IE: MALARIA MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) RICKETTSIA - ANSWER-TRANSMITTED BY INSECTS IE: LYME DISEASE / ROCKY MOUNTAIN FEVER MICROORGANISM TYPES (5) VIRUSES - ANSWER-SMALLEST MICROORGANISMS 1000X SMALLER THAN BACTERIA IE: HEP C / HIV MED TERMS (PRE & SUFFIXES) -TOMY -PENIA -ITIS -PATHY -URIA -EMIA A/AN/ARHYPOHYPERBRADYTACHYOSTEO- - ANSWER-- TO CUT INTO - DECREASE OF - INFLAMMATION OF - DISEASE - URINE - BLOOD - WITHOUT - LOW - HIGH - SLOW - FAST - BONE AORTA - ANSWER-LARGEST ARTERY IN BODY RECEIVES BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUSHED BLOOD TO THE REST OF THE BODY ARTERIES - ANSWER-USUALLY CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART (EXCEPT PULMONARY ARTERY WHICH CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS) BASILIC VEIN - ANSWER-MEDIAL VEIN OF THE ANTECUBITAL AREA LAST CHOICE DUE TO CLOSEST TO THE BRACHIAL ARTERY CAPILLARIES - ANSWER-MICROSCOPIC / UNICELLULAR BLOOD VESSELS LINKING ARTERIOLES TO VENULES ARE POROUS TO ALLOW FOR GAS AND NUTRIENT EXCHANGE CEPHALIC VEIN - ANSWER-LATERAL VEIN OF THE ANTECUBITAL AREA 2ND CHOICE MOST PROMINENT ON OBESE PTS CSF - ANSWER-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FLUID SURROUNDING BRAIN AND MENINGES IN SPINAL COLUMN (LUBRICATES & NOURISHES) MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN - ANSWER-MOST COMMONLY USED VEIN IN THE ANTECUBITAL FOSSA FOR VENIPUNCTURE VEINS - ANSWER-USUALLY CARRY DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TOWARD THE HEART (EXCEPT PULMONARY VEIN WHICH CARRIES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM LUNGS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM) BLEEDING TIME - ANSWER-MOST COMMON PRE-SURGICAL TEST ASSESSES PLATELET PLUG FORMATION IN CAPILLARIES DIFFERENTIAL - ANSWER-TEST THAT CATEGORIZES BLOOD CELLS & ABNORMALITIES PRESENT HEMATOCRIT (HCT) - ANSWER-CONCENTRATION OF RBCS EXPRESSED IN A PERCENTAGE ALSO CALLED PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV) NORMAL - 55% HEMOGLOBIN (HGB) - ANSWER-IRON-CONTAINING PROTEIN IN RBCS THAT CARRY O2 AND CO2 LOW LEVELS -> ANEMIC HEMATOMA - ANSWER-LOCALIZED LEAKAGE OF BLOOD INTO TISSUES MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF PHLEBOTOMY SCLEROSED VEIN - ANSWER-HARDENED VEIN ACIDOSIS ALKALOSIS - ANSWER-CONDITION WHEN BLOOD PH IS < 7.35 CONDITION WHEN BLOOD PH IS > 7.35 BUN - ANSWER-BLOOD UREA NITROGEN TEST TO DETERMINE AMOUNT OF UREA IN BLOOD TESTS FOR KIDNEY FUNCTION BASAL STATE - ANSWER-PT'S CONDITION EARLY IN THE MORNING 10-12 HRS OF FASTING HEMOCONCENTRATION - ANSWER-CONDITION IN WHICH PLASMA ENTERS TISSUES, RESULTING IN A HIGHER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD CAUSED BY LEAVING TQ ON > 1MIN SUDDEN CHANGE OF POSITION ALSO SQUEEZING LONG TERM IV THERAPY HEMOLYSIS - ANSWER-BREAKING / RUPTURE OF RBCS CAUSED BY: - USING TOO SMALL OF A GAUGE - NOT LETTING ALCOHOL DRY - SHAKING TUBES POC TESTING - ANSWER-POINT OF CARE TESTING BEDSIDE TESTING TESTS THAT REQUIRE ONLY A FEW DROPS OF BLOOD & WHERE RESULTS ARE ASAP MOST COMMON - GLUCOSE TEST RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS - ANSWER-- WHEN RESP SYSTEM IS UNABLE TO ELIMINATE ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF CO2 (AN ACID) // CAUSES COLLAPSED LUNGS - RESULTING FROM HYPERVENTILATION OR LOSS OF TOO MUCH CO2 FROM LUNGS DIRECTIONAL TERMS LATERAL VS MEDIAL SUPERIOR VS INFERIOR ANTERIOR VS POSTERIOR VENTRAL VS DORSAL PROXIMAL VS DISTAL - ANSWER-FURTHER FROM MIDLINE VS CLOSER TO MIDLINE ABOVE VS BELOW FRONT VS BACK FRONT VS BACK CLOSER TO CORE VS FURTHER FROM CORE HOMEOSTATSIS CATABOLISM ANABOLISM - ANSWER-- BALANCED STATE IN BODY BY COMPENSATING WITH CHANGES - BREAKS DOWN COMPLEX SUBSTANCES INTO SIMPLER ONES / RELEASES ENERGY (IE: DIGESTION) - CELLS USE ENERGY TO MAKE COMPLEX COMPOUNDS FROM SIMPLER ONES (IE: MUSCLE TISSUE GROWTH) BODY SYSTEMS (11) / FUNCTIONS SKELETAL - ANSWER-PROVIDES SUPPORT PROTECTS ORGANS ALLOWS FOR LEVERAGE & MOVEMENT HEMATOPOIESIS: BLOOD CELL FORMATION IN BONE MARROW STORES MINERALS BODY SYSTEMS (11) / FUNCTIONS INTEGUMENTARY - ANSWER-PROTECTION OF UNDERLYING TISSUES & REGULATION OF BODY TEMP RECEPTION OF SENSORY STIMULI ELIMINATION OF SOME WASTES AND PRESERVATION OF WATER LOSS BODY SYSTEMS (11) FUNCTIONS PERMITS MOVEMENT MUSCULAR - ANSWER-PRODUCES HEAT MAINTAINS POSTURE BODY SYSTEMS (11) NERVOUS - ANSWER-ALLOWS COMMUNICATION THROUGHOUT THE BODY & REGULATES BODY FUNCTIONS DIRECTS SENSATIONS CONTROLS MOVEMENTS & PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS CONTROLS INTELLECTUAL PROCESSES BODY SYSTEMS (11) RESPIRATORY - ANSWER-FILTERS AIR EXCHANGES GASES SUPPLIES O2 & REMOVES CO2 HELPS REGULATE BLOOD PH PROTECTS VOCAL CORDS BODY SYSTEMS (11) DIGESTIVE - ANSWER-BREAKS DOWN FOOD PHYSICALLY & CHEMICALLY ABSORBS NUTRIENTS REMOVES SOLID WASTE HELSP REGULATE INTAKE & OUTPUT OF ESSENTIAL PROTEINS, CARBS, FATS, MINERALS, VITAMINS, AND WATER RELEASES MANY PROTEINS, ENZYMES, AND DIGESTIVE JUICES BODY SYSTEMS (11) URINARY - ANSWER-SECRETES WASTE REGULATES PH / ELECTROLYTES BODY SYSTEMS (11) REPRODUCTIVE - ANSWER-SECRETES HORMONES PRODUCES GERM CELLS FOR REPRODUCTION (OVA & SPERM) IN FEMALES, MAINTAINS FETUS & PRODUCES MILK FOR NOURISHMENT OF NEONATE BODY SYSTEMS (11) ENDOCRINE - ANSWER-PRODUCES & SECRETES HORMONES -PITUITARY - THYROID - ADRENAL - PINEAL - PARATHYROID - PANCREAS - OVARIES & TESTES - THYMUS BODY SYSTEMS (11) LYMPHATIC - ANSWER-MAINTAINS TISSUE FLUID BALANCE FILTERS BLOOD AND LYMPH PRODUCES WBCS TO PROTECT THE BODY FROM DISEASE ABSORBS FATS BODY SYSTEMS (11) CIRCULATORY - ANSWER-TRANSPORTS O2 & NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND WASTE & CO2 AWAY FROM CELLS TRANSPORTS HORMONES & OTHER SUBSTANCES THROUGHOUT BODY THERMOREGULATION DEFEND AGAINST DISEASE REQUISITION - ANSWER-CONTAINS PTS NAME / DOB / PHYSICAN NAME / PHYSICIAN ORDERS TWO-STEP VERIFICATION - ANSWER-ASK PT FOR FULL NAME & DOB MATCH TO REQUISITION INFO TO WRIST BAND NO ID BAND = NO DRAW DISCREPANCIES = DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL RESOLVED SHARPS CONTAINERS - ANSWER-MUST HAVE BIOHAZARD SYMBOL MUST BE LEAK-PROOF & PUNCTURE RESISTANT REPLACE WHEN 2/3 FULL HEMATOLOGY - ANSWER-STUDY OF BLOOD & BLOOD FORMING TISSUES PLASMA - ANSWER-LIQUID PORTION OF ANTICOAGULATED BLOOD CONTAINS CLOTTING FACTORS CONTAINS 3 LAYERS LIQUID PORTION (55%) BUFFY COAT (WBCS & PLATELETS) (1%) RBCS (55%) SERUM - ANSWER-LIQUID PORTION OF CLOTTED BLOOD LACKS CLOTTING FACTORS & FIBRINOGEN MUST LET SPECIMEN CLOT FOR 30MIN PRIOR TO CENTRIFUGATION MORE TERMS: ERYTHROCYTOSIS ERYTHROCYTOPENIA LEUKOCYTOSIS LEUKOCYTOPENIA THROMBOCYTOSIS THROMBOCYTOPENIA POLYCYTHEMIA HEMACROMOTOSIS - ANSWER-TERMS: - INCREASE IN RBCS - DECREASE IN RBCS - INCREASE IN WBCS - DECREASE IN WBCS - INCREASE IN PLATELETS - DECREASE IN PLATELETS - OVERPRODUCTION OF RBCS BY BONE MARROW - OVERPRODUCTION OF IRON IN RBCS ESR - ANSWER-ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE MEASURES THE TIME IT TAKES FOR RBCS TO FALL TO THE BOTTOM OF TUBE INCREASED LEVELS INDICATE INFLAMMATION (AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS) PROCEDURE - WESTERGREN ESR (BLACK TUBE) 4 MAIN COAGULATION TESTS - ANSWER-1. PLATELET COUNT 2. BLEEDING TIME 3. PT 4. APTT/PTT SERUM ISSUES / WHAT COLOR PRESENTS IN: HEMOLYZED ICTERIC LIPEMIC - ANSWER-PINK / RED LIGHT GREEN - INDICATES BILIRUBIN ISN'T BEING BROKEN DOWN / LIVER ISSUES CLOUDY / WHITE 4 MAIN ELECTROLYTES - ANSWER-1. SODIUM 2. POTASSIUM 3. CHLORIDE 4. BICARB FIRST VOIDED 2-HR POSTPRANDIAL - ANSWER-COLLECTED 1ST THING IN THE AM 2HR POST MEAL - GLUCOSE MONITORING 3 METHODS OF VENICPUNCTURE AND COMMON GAUGES - ANSWER-1. STRAIGHT - COMMON GAUGE 21 X 1 2. BUTTERFLY - COMMON GAUGE 23 X 3/4 3. SYRINGE - COMMON GAUGE 21 X 1.5 ORDER OF DRAW IS SET UP BY WHO? - ANSWER-CLSI ORDER OF DRAW BLOOD CULTURES - ANSWER-#1 - DRAWN FIRST TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION USE BUTTERFLY PRESENCE OF MICROORGANISMS AEROBIC FIRST, THEN ANAEROBIC ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE OPTION 1. PROVIDONE-IODINE THEN 70% ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (CIRCULAR MOTION INSIDE TO OUT) OPTION 2. CHLORAPREP (CHLORAHEXIDINE) - PREFERRED & MORE EFFECTIVE OPTION (BACK & FORTH / UP & DOWN) YELLOW TUBE WITH SPS (SODIUM POLYANETHOL SULFONATE) CAN ALSO BE USED FOR CULTURES MICROBIOLOGY DPT ORDER OF DRAW LIGHT BLUE - ANSWER-#2 ANTICOAGULANT - SODIUM CITRATE / BINDS TO CA 9:1 RATIO (IF THIS IS YOUR FIRST OR ONLY TUBE BEING DRAWN W/ BUTTERFLY, YOU MUST DRAW DISCARD TUBE TO TAKE OUT THE AIR THAT'S IN THE BUTTERFLY TO ALLOW FOR A 9:1 RATIO) COMMON TESTS - PT / APTT HEMATOLOGY / COAGULATION DPTS MIX 3-4 TIMES ORDER OF DRAW SERUM SEPARATOR TUBES - ANSWER-#RED / TIGER / GOLD RED - NO ADDITIVE TIGER / GOLD - CLOT ACTIVATOR - GEL SEPARATOR IMMUNOLOGY / SEROLOGY / CHEM DPTS ALLOW TO CLOT FOR 30MIN ORDER OF DRAW GREEN - ANSWER-#4 LIGHT THEN DARK GREEN ANTICOAGULANT - HEPARIN (SODIUM & LITHIUM) INHIBITS THROMBIN COMMON TESTS - ELECTROLYTES CHEM DPT ORDER OF DRAW LAVENDER - ANSWER-#5 ANTICOAGULANT - SODIUM OR POTASSIUM EDTA - BINDS TO CA - PREVENTS PLATELET AGGREGATION - PRESERVES MORPHOLOGY COMMON TEST - CBC HEMATOLOGY DPT ORDER OF DRAW GRAY - ANSWER-#6 ANTICOAGULANT - POTASSIUM OXALATE (BINDS TO CA) PRESERVATIVE - SODIUM FLUORIDE (INHIBITS GLYCOLYTIC ACTIVITY) COMMON TESTS - ETOH & GLUCOSE MISC TUBES PINK BLACK DARK BLUE BROWN YELLOW - ANSWER-- ANTICOAGULANT EDTA (USED FOR BLOOD BANK) - ANTICOAGULANT SODIUM CITRATE (USED FOR ESR / 4:1 RATIO) - EITHER NONE / SODIUM HEPARIN / EDTA (USED FOR TRACE METAL ASSAYS & TOXICOLOGY STUDIES) - ANTICOAGULANT HEPARIN (USED TO LEAD TESTING) - ANTICOAGULANT SPS (CULTURES) - ANTICOAGULANT ACD (ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE / PRSERVES WBCS / HLA TYPING) 10ML SAMPLE FROM INFANT = WHAT PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL BLOOD VOLUME? - ANSWER-5-10% BLOOD VOLUME IN INFANT EMLA - ANSWER-EUTECTIC MIXTURE OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS LIDOCAINE & PRILOCAINE IATROGENIC ANEMIA - ANSWER-INDUCED ANEMIA DUE TO FREQUENT BLOOD DRAWS PETECHIAE - ANSWER-TINY RED SPOTS UNDER SKIN INDICATION OF BROKEN / BRUISED CAPILLARIES MAY BE A SIGN THAT PT WILL BLEED EXCESSIVELY FROM SITE OCCUR: LATEX ALLERGIES UNDER TQ IN ELDERLY MASTECTOMY PTS CHOICE OF VENIPUNCTURE SITE? - ANSWER-ON ARM OPPOSITE OF MASTECTOMY DOUBLE MASTECTOMY - HANDS OR LEGS (ONLY WITH PHYSICIAN'S PERMISSION) EDEMA - ANSWER-ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE INTRACELLULAR SPACES OF BODY SPECIMEN CAN BE CONTAMINATED VEINS WILL BE DIFFICULT TO PALPATE MOST COMMON ALLERGY? - ANSWER-LATEX PSEUDOHYPERKALEMIA - ANSWER-FALSE HIGH LEVELS OF POTASSIUM WHY ARE ARTERIAL PUNCTURES MORE PRONE TO INFECTION? - ANSWER-B/C THEY CARRY O2 CIRCULATE FASTER IN BODY HOW INFECTIONS SPREAD IN LYMPHATIC CHANNELS? - ANSWER-LYMPH NODES -> BLOOD STREAM -> ORGANS COMMON INFECTIONS FROM CONTAMINATED NEEDLES? (3) - ANSWER-1. HEP B 2. HEP C 3. HIV CAPILLARY SPECIMEN COMPOSED OF? - ANSWER-ARTERIAL / VENOUS / CAPILLARY BLOOD INTERSTITIAL FLUID INTRACELLULAR FLUID CAPILLARY BLOOD IS MADE UP MOSTLY OF? - ANSWER-ARTERIAL BLOOD DUE TO THE HIGHER PRESSURE GLUCOSE LEVEL IS HIGHER IN WHICH BLOOD VESSEL? CALCIUM & POTASSIUM LEVELS ARE HIGHER IN WHICH BLOOD VESSEL? - ANSWER-HIGHER IN CAPILLARY BLOOD HIGHER IN VENOUS BLOOD TRUE / FALSE REASON FOR DERMAL PUNCTURES: 1. METHOD OF CHOICE FOR INFANTS & CHILDREN UNDER 2? 2. PTS WITH BURNS OS SCARRING 3. EXTREMELY OBESE PTS 4. PTS REQUIRING FREQUENT BLOOD TESTS 5. PTS RECEIVING IV THERAPY IN BOTH ARMS OR HANDS - ANSWER-TRUE FOR ALL TRUE / FALSE WHEN DERMAL PUNCTURE IS INAPROPRIATE: 1. WHEN PTS ARE SEVERELY DEHYDRATED 2. POOR CIRCULATION 3. TESTS REQUIRING LARGE PORTIONS OF BLOOD - ANSWER-TRUE FOR ALL DERMAL PUNCTURE DEVICES (3) - ANSWER-1. LASER 2. PUNCTURE 3. LANCET / INCISION ORDER OF DRAW FOR CAPILLARY PUNCTURES (PER CLSI) // 4 - ANSWER-1. ABGS 2. EDTA 3. OTHER ADDITIVES 4. SERUM OSTEOMYELITIS - ANSWER-INFLAMMATION OF BONE CAUSED BY PUNCTURE TO BONE COMMON SITES FOR DERMAL PUNCTURES: IN ADULTS? IN INFANTS UNDER 2? IN INFANTS UNDER 1? - ANSWER-- 3RD & 4TH FINGER - HEEL - OUTER PORTIONS OF HEEL WHY DO YOU WIPE AWAY 1ST DROP OF BLOOD IN A DERMAL STICK? - ANSWER-1ST DROP MAY BE CONTAMINATED WITH INTERSTITIAL FLUID APPROPRIATE LANCET DEPTH FOR INFANTS? - ANSWER-2.4MM OR 2.5MM GOOD QUESTIONS TO ASK PT BEFORE STARTING VENIPUNCTURE (4) - ANSWER-1. HAVE YOU EVER FAINTED / FELT FAINT WHILE GETTING YOUR BLOOD DRAWN? 2. ARE YOU FASTING? 3. LATEX ALLERGIES? 4. TAKING BLOOD THINNERS (THIS WILL HELP YOU ANTICIPATE IF PT WILL BE BLEEDING MORE) BURRS - ANSWER-IRREGULARITIES IN NEEDLES SPECIMEN TRANSPORT SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 1. KEEP COLD 2. KEEP WARM 3. SHIELD FROM LIGHT - ANSWER-1. ABGS / AMMONIA / GLUCAGON 2. COLD AGGLUTININS 3. BILIRUBIN / CAROTENE / VIT B12 / FOLIC ACID TRUE / FALSE WHEN MAKING SLIDES, DECREASE ANGLE TO 30 DEGREES AND ALLOW BLOOD TO SPREAD ACROSS EDGE OF SPREADER - ANSWER-TRUE ITS 30 DEGREES TORTUOUS VEINS - ANSWER-TWISTED VEINS / EASY TO PUSH NEEDLE THROUGH THE WALL THROMBOTIC VEIN - ANSWER-BLOOD CLOT IN VEIN FEELS HARD / INFLEXIBLE / TENDER PHLEBITIC VEIN - ANSWER-INFLAMMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS TENDER AND WARM TO TOUCH APPEAR RED IF PT HAS IV THERAPY IN BOTH ARMS...? - ANSWER-ASK NURSE TO TURN OFF IV FOR 2 MINUTES PRIOR TO STARTING VENIPUNCTURE DRAW BELOW IV SITE TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION MOST COMMON REASONS FOR SPECIMEN REJECTION - ANSWER-QNS REQUISITION / SPECIMEN LABEL IRREGULARITIES DELTA CHECK - ANSWER-COMPARISON BETWEEN CURRENT RESULTS OF LAB TESTS AND PREVIOUS TEST RESULTS FOR SAME PT HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION - ANSWER-ALSO CALLED ACUTE HEMOLYSIS HEMOLYSIS DUE TO PT RECEIVING WRONG BLOOD TYPE / THEY BLEED OUT CENTRIFUGATION HOW LONG? HOW FAST? - ANSWER-WAIT FOR CLOTTING 30MIN SPIN FOR 15 MIN RATE OF 3500RPM CODE OF ETHICS (6) – ANSWER-1. RESPECT FOR LIFE 2. RESPECT FOR PT CHOICE 3. RESPECT FOR PT AS AN INDIVIDUAL 4. RESPECT FOR PT PRIVACY 5. RESPECT FOR PT DIGNITY 6. CONFIDENTIALITY OF PT INFO INFORMED CONSENT - ANSWER-PT'S CONSENT TO UNDERGO TX / SURGERY BASED ON KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING OF POTENTIAL RISKS / BENEFITS BEFORE PROCEDURE IMPLIED CONSENT - ANSWER-PT'S CONSENT BY MEANS OF: SIGNS INACTION SILENCE PT BILL OF RIGHTS - ANSWER-EVERY PTS' RIGHTS WHILE UNDERGOING TX FELONY - ANSWER-MAJOR CRIMES PUNISHABLE BY DEATH / IMPRISONMENT IE: RAPE / PRACTICING W/O LICENSE / TAX EVASION / MURDER MISDEMEANOR - ANSWER-MINOR CRIMES PUNISHABLE BY FINES OR JAIL TIME UP TO A YR IE: TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS / THEFT STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS - ANSWER-PERIOD AFTER INCIDENT THAT A PT HAS TO FILE A LAWSUIT IE: IN CA, SOL IS EITHER 3 YRS AFTER INJURY OR 1 YR AFTER INJURY DISCOVERY TORT - ANSWER-WRONG ACT COMMITTED AGAINST ANOTHER PERSON / PROPERTY STANDARD OF CARE - ANSWER-ORDINARY SKILL & CARE THAT MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS MUST USE THAT IS COMMONLY USED BY OTHER MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS WHEN CARING FOR PTS NEGLIGENCE - ANSWER-FAILURE TO PERFORM PROFESSIONAL DUTIES IN ACCEPTED STANDARD OF CARE PROXIMATE CAUSE - ANSWER-NATURAL CONTINUOUS SEQUENCES OF EVENTS, WITHOUT AN INTERVENING CAUSE, THAT PRODUCES AN INJURY ALSO REFERRED TO AS DIRECT CAUSE RES IPSA LOQUITUR - ANSWER-LATIN PHRASE "THE THING SPEAKS FOR ITSELF" RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR - ANSWER-LATIN PHRASE "LET THE MASTER ANSWER" 3 BRANCHES OF GOV'T? - ANSWER-1. LEGISLATIVE 2. EXECUTIVE 3. JUDICIAL 3 LEVELS OF LAW - ANSWER-1. FEDERAL 2. STATE 3. LOCAL 4 "D'S" TO PROVE NEGLIGENCE - ANSWER-1. DUTY 2. DERELICT (FAILURE TO FULFILL OBLIGATION) 3. DIRECT CAUSE 4. DAMAGE MALPRACTICE - ANSWER-PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE HIPPA - ANSWER-HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY & ACCOUNTABILITY ACT PROTECTS PRIVACY & SECURITY OF HEALTH INFO PHI - ANSWER-PROTECTED HEALTH INFO - INFO RELATED TO PAST / PRSENT / FUTURE PHYSICAL / MENTAL HEALTH / CONDITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL - INFO IN ANY MEDIUM (SPOKEN / WRITTEN / ELECTRONICALLY STORES / VIDEOS / PHOTOS / X -RAYS WHO DIVIDES LABS INTO WHICH 3 CATEGORIES? - ANSWER-CLIA 1. WAIVED 2. MODERATE 3. HIGH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CANNOT LIVE IN HUMAN BODY FLUIDS? A. FUNGUS B. TICK C. RICKETTSIA D. BACTERIA - ANSWER-B. TICK WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DISEASES IS CAUSED BY A BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN? A. MALARIA B. TUBERCULOSIS C. SMALLPOX D. HEP B - ANSWER-A. MALARIA NAME SOME LAB TESTS PERFORMED ON STOOL SPECIMENS? - ANSWER-C&S O&P OCCULT BLOOD QUANTIFERON GOLD TEST (4) - ANSWER-GRAY (NEGATIVE CONTROL) GREEN YELLOW PURPLE MOSTLY USED TO TEST PREGNANT WOMEN MUST DRAW DISCARD TUBE IF USING BUTTERFLY SHAKE TUBE SLIGHTLY THE HUMAN HEART SIZE? NORMAL BEATS PER MINUTE? DESCRIBE LOCATION? - ANSWER-SIZE OF MAN'S FIST BEATS 60-80BPM 8 THORACIC CAVITY BETWEEN LUNGS CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CONSISTS OF? (3) FUNCTIONS? (4) - ANSWER-CONSISTS OF BLOOD / BLOOD VESSELS / BLOOD FUNCTIONS: - TRANSPORTS NUTRIENTS / WASTE - THERMOREGULATION - FIGHTS INFECTION - ELIMINATES WASTE INTRAVENTRICULAR & INTRAATRIAL SEPTUMS - ANSWER-WALL THAT SEPARATES VENTRICLES & ATRIA PERICARDIUM - ANSWER-OUTER DOUBLE-WALLED SAC SURROUNDING HEART / PREVENTS FRICTION 3 LAYERS OF HEART - ANSWER-INNER - ENDOCARDIUM MIDDLE / MUSCLE PART - MYOCARDIUM OUTER - EPICARDIUM DESCRIBE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD FROM BODY THROUGH THE HEART THOROUGHLY - ANSWER-SUP & INF VENA CAVA -> R. ATRIUM -> R. ATRIOVENTRICULAR / TRISCUPID VALVE -> R. VENTRICLE -> R. SEMILUNAR / PULMONARY VALVE -> PULMONARY ARTERY -> LUNGS (GAS EXCHANGE) -> PULMONARY VEIN -> L. ATRIUM -> L. ATRIOVENTRICULAR / BICUSPID / MITRAL VALVE -> L. VENTRICLE -> L. SEMILUNAR / AORTIC VALVE -> AORTA -> ARTERIES THROUGHOUT BODY -> ARTERIOLES -> CAPILLARIES (GAS EXCHANGE) -> VENULES -> VEINS -> BACK TO SUP & INF VENA CAVA SYSTOLE - ANSWER-CONTRACTION OF VENTRICLES OT PUSH BLOOD THROUGH PULMONARY & AORTIC VALVES TO LUNGS & BODY R & L ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES CLOSE TO PREVENT BACKFLOW INTO ATRIA DIASTOLE - ANSWER-RELAXATION OF VENTRICLES VENTRICLES FILL WITH BLOOD FROM ATRIA CARDIAC CYCLE - ANSWER-SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN THE HEART FROM BEGINNING OF ONE BEAT TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FOLLOWING BEAT INCLUDES BOTH SYSTOLE & DIASTOLE CARDIAC OUTPUT - ANSWER-VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED FROM LEFT VENTRICLE IN 1 MINUTE APPROXIMATELY 5 LITERS CO = HR X SV STROKE VOLUME - ANSWER-VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN ONE BEAT AVERAGE STROKE VOLUME OUTPUT - 60-80% LUB DUB - ANSWER-LUB - AV VALVES CLOSING (VENTRICLES CONTRACTING / SYSTOLE) DUB - SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSING (VENTRICLES RELAXING / DIASTOLE) SA NODE - ANSWER-SINOATRIAL NODE = PACEMAKER WHERE HEARTBEAT BEGINS LOC AT UPPER WALL OF R. ATRIUM CAUSES ATRIA TO CONTRACT AV NODE - ANSWER-ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE LOC AT BOTTOM OF R. ATRIUM IN INTERATRIAL SEPTUM RELAYS IMPULSE THROUGH AV BUNDLE (BUNDLE OF HIS) BUNDLE OF HIS - ANSWER-LOC TOP OF INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM RELAYS IMPULSE THROUGHOUT THE VENTRICULAR WALLS BY MEANS OF BUNDLE BRANCHES A& PERKINJE FIBERS DESCRIBE CONDUCTION OF HEART THOROUGHLY - ANSWER-SA NODE -> AV NODE -> BUNDLE OF HIS -> R & L BUNDLE BRANCHES -> PERKINJE FIBERS (CAUSE VENTRICLE CONTRACTION) VENTRICLES CONTRACT SIMULTANEOUSLY AND FORCE BLOOD INTO LUNGS & BODY ATRIA & VENTRICLES THEN RELAX BRIEFLY & A NEW CYCLE BEGINS PULSE SITES RADIAL BRACHIAL CAROTID FEMORAL POPLITEAL DORSALIS PEDIS - ANSWER-THUMB SIDE OF WRIST INNER ASPECT OF ELBOW BETWEEN LARYNX & STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE ON NECK NEAR GROIN BEHIND KNEE TOP OF FOOT 3 LAYERS OF BLOOD VESSEL - ANSWER-1. TUNICA ADVENTITIA 2. TUNICA MEDIA 3. TUNICA INTIMA TUNICA ADVENTITIA - ANSWER-THICK OUTER LAYER CONNECTIVE TISSUE PREVENTS RUPTURE / BURSTING DUE TO INCREASED PRESSURE TUNICA MEDIA - ANSWER-MIDDLE LAYER SMOOTH MUSCLE & ELASTIC FIBERS HELPS MAINTAIN NORMAL BP ALLOWS CONSTRICTION TUNICA INTIMA - ANSWER-INNER LAYER SINGLE LAYER OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS / CONNECTIVE TISSUE / ELASTIC FIBERS SMOOTHNESS PREVENTS ABNORMAL BLOOD CLOTTING WHICH VEIN(S) HAVE VALVES? - ANSWER-VEINS HAVE VALVES TO PREVENT BACKFLOW ARTERIES HAVE HIGHER PRESSURE AND DON'T REQUIRE VALVES DYSFUNCTIONAL VALVES CAUSE VARICOSE VEINS TRUE / FALSE BLOOD IS TISSUE - ANSWER-TRUE LIFESPAN OF RBCS? - ANSWER-120 DAYS LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) NEUTROPHILS - ANSWER-MOST ABUNDANT FIRST RESPONDERS TO INFECTION PHAGOCYTE LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) EOSINOPHILS - ANSWER-INCREASED IN ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND PARASITIC INFECTION LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) BASOPHILS - ANSWER-RELEASES HISTAMIN TO VASODILATE DURING INFLAMMATION CONTAIN HEPARIN LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) LYMPHOCYTES - ANSWER-TWO TYPES T CELLS - DESTROY FOREIGN MATERIAL B CELLS - PRODUCE ANTIBODIES TO FIGHT INFECTION LEUKOCYTE TYPES (5) MONOCYTES - ANSWER-LARGEST WBC PHAGOCYTE LIFESPAN OF THROMBOCYTE - ANSWER-9-12 DAYS ANTIGEN - ANSWER-SUBSTANCE (USUALLY PROTEIN) THAT THE BODY RECOGNIZES AS FOREIGN AND EVOKES AN IMMUNE RESPONSE (PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES). ANTIBODY - ANSWER-SUBSTANCE THAT IS PRODUCED BY THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGEN PRODUCED BY OUR B LYMPHOCYTES BLOOD GROUPS PLASMA CONTAINS WHICH ANTIGEN? WHICH ANTIBODY? TYPE A TYPE B TYPE AB TYPE O - ANSWER-ANTIGEN A / ANTIBODY B ANTIGEN B / ANTIBODY A ANTIGEN AB / NO ANTIBODIES NO ANTIGEN / ANTIBODY A & B WHICH BLOOD TYPE IS CONSIDERED UNIVERSAL DONOR? MOST COMMON BLOOD TYPE? - ANSWER-TYPE O BLOOD RHESUS BLOOD GROUP PRESENCE OF D ANTIGENS? LACK OF D ANTIGENS? - ANSWER-RH FACTOR - SOMETIMES CALLED D ANTIGEN RH+ RHHLA - ANSWER-HUMAN LEUKOCTYE ANTIGEN PKU - ANSWER-EACH NEWBORN MUST HAVE A PKU TEST TO RULE OUT A HEREDITARY METABOLIC DISORDER 1ST 48HRS OF LIFE HOW TO TX NEWBORNS WITH HIGH BILIRUBIN LEVELS? - ANSWERPHOTOTHERAPY UNDER UV LIGHT UNDERFILLED LIGHT BLUE TOP TUBES CAUSE? - ANSWER-ELEVATED PTT -> SLOWER CLOTTING UNDERFILLED EDTA TUBES CAUSE? - ANSWER-RBC SHRINKAGE WHEN TO PROCESS PT TEST - ANSWER-PT CAN REMAIN STABLE FOR UP TO 48HRS AT ROOM TEMP WITH STOPPER ON WHEN TO PROCESS APTT TEST - ANSWER-WITHIN 4HRS WHEN IS THE MOST PREFERRED TIME TO DRAW BLOOD CULTURES? - ANSWER-WHEN FEVER SPIKES WHY CAN YOU USE YELLOW TUBES WITH SPS TO DRAW BLOOD CULTURES? - ANSWER-SPS DOESN'T INTERFERE WITH WBCS OR INFECTION OVERALL GOAL OF PI - ANSWER-PROFICIENCY / PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT EFFECTIVE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INCLUDING ACCURACY AND PRECISION LOG BOOKS - ANSWER-LOGS EXAMINED IN QA MTGS TO DETERMINE PROBLEM AREAS IRS - ANSWER-INCIDENT REPORTS FORMAL WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF INCIDENT / UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE PURPOSE IS TO OBJECTIVELY DOCUMENT EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED GOAL IS TO PREVENT ANOTHER EPISODE FLOOR BOOK - ANSWER-CONTAINS INFO THAT LISTS NAME OF EACH TEST / PROCEDURE ALSO CALLED PROCEDURE, REFERENCE, OR TEST MANUAL INCLUDES MINIMUM AMOUNT OF SPECIMEN REQUIRED SPECIAL HANDLING NORMAL TURNAROUND TIME POOR PT OUTCOMES (5 "D'S") - ANSWER-DEATH DISEASE DISABILITY DISCOMFORT DISSATISFACTION PLAN DO CHECK ACT - ANSWER-PLAN FOR CHANGES TO BRING ABOUT IMPROVEMENT DO CHANGES ON A SMALL SCALE FIRST TO TRIAL THEM CHECK TO SEE IF CHANGES ARE WORKING AND TO INVESTIGATE SELECTED PROCESSES ACT TO GET THE GREATEST BENEFIT FROM CHANGES HEMOSTASIS - ANSWER-MAINTAINS CIRCULATING BLOOD IN FLUID STATE PROCESS OF BLOOD CLOTTING & THEN THE SUBSEQUENT DISSOLUTION OF THE CLOT FOLLOWING REPAIR OF INJURED TISSUE HEMOPHILIA - ANSWER-TENDENCY TO BLEED THROMBOPHILIA RESULTS IN? - ANSWER-TENDENCY TO CLOT HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE DUE TO INHERITED / ACQUIRED DEFECTS IN ONE OR SEVERAL OF THE COAGULATION CASCADE DVT PE IN HEMOSTASIS, THERE USUALLY A BALANCE BETWEEN WHAT 2 THINGS? - ANSWER-FIBRIN FORMATION (THROMBIN MEDIATED) & DISSOLUTION (PLASMIN MEDIATED) PROCOAGULANTS & DOWN REGULATORS BALANCE IN HEMOSTASIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY INTERACTIONS AMONG? (4) - ANSWER-BLOOD VESSELS PLATELETS COAGULATION FACTORS / PROTEINS FIBRINOLYSIS DISRUPTING HEMOSTASIS CAN CAUSE? - ANSWER-BLEEDING OR PATHOLOGIC CLOT FORMATION TRUE / FALSE EXCESSIVE COAGULATION MEANS DEFICIENT FIBRINOLYSIS - ANSWER-TRUE TRUE / FALSE EXCESSIVE FIBRINOLYSIS MEANS DEFICIENT COAGULATION - ANSWER-TRUE 5 STEPS HEMOSTATIC PROCESS - ANSWER-1. VASCULAR PHASE 2. PLATELET PHASE 3. COAGULATION PHASE 4. CLOT RETRACTION 5. FIBRINOLYSIS PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS - ANSWER-VASOCONSTRICTION & PLATELET ADHESION (VWF - VONWILLEBRAN FACTOR) SECONDARY HEMOSTASIS - ANSWER-STABILIZATION OF LOOSE PLATELET PLUG TO FIBRIN MESH (CLOT) COAGULATION FACTORS - ANSWER-- ARE PROTEINS NORMALLY PRESENT AND INACTIVE IN BLOOD - MOST ARE PRODUCED BY LIVER - DESIGNATED BY ROMAN NUMERALS - "a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