IB SEHS Ch. 5 Rated A

IB SEHS Ch. 5 Rated A Skill The consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to the task Cognitive Skill Activity involving primarily thinking. Perceptive Skill Interpreting and making sense of info coming in via senses Motor Skill Activity involving primarily movement Perceptual Motor Skill Activity involving the interpretation of environmental stimuli and the motor response to this sensory information Gross Motor Skills Movements that involve large muscle groups such as arms and legs Fine Motor Skill Skills that involve much smaller muscle groups and fine movement, more intricate, precise, and require high levels of hand-eye coordination Open skills Skills that are significantly affected by the environment conditions, to the extent that the conditions dictate the pace of movement Closed skills Skills performed in a more stable and predictable environment and can be internally paced by the performer Serial Action Linking together of several discrete actions to form a more complex movement (Ex. Triple Jump) Discrete Action Has a clear start and finish (Ex. Golf Swing) Continuous When the end of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next. (Ex. Swimming and Running) Individual Skill Activities which outcome is independent from the performance of others. (Ex. High Jump) Interactive Skills Activities which outcome is dependent on the performance of others, which includes confrontation with others. Ex: Rugby Co-Active Skills Activities which outcome is dependent on the performance of others, which does not include confrontation. Ex: Track Ability A general trait or capacity of the individual that is related to the performance and performance potential of a variety of skills or tasks Time and practice Two qualities that affect a performer Technique The way in which that sports skill is performed; "Way of doing" Fleishman's physical proficiency abilities PHYSICAL ABILITIES such as extent (static) and dynamic flexibility, static, dynamic, explosive, and trunk strength, gross body coordination and equilibrium, and stamina (cardiovascular fitness) Fleishman's perceptual-motor abilities PSYCHOMETER FACTORS such as control precision, multilimb coordination, response orientation, reaction time, speed of arm movement, rate control, manual dexterity, arm-hand steadiness, wrist-finger speed, aiming, postural discrimination, and response integration Interoceptors Provide info from within the body (body and limb position). Main things involved are vestibule apparatus (balance), joint receptors, muscle spindles. Exteroceptors Provide info from the environment outside the body. Response Time = reaction time + movement time Factors that Affect Response Time Stimulus transmission, detection, recognition, decision to respond, nerve transmission time and initiation of action. Knowledge of performance Provides information about the quality of the movement Knowledge of results Used after the completion of a movement to inform individuals about the outcome of their performance Intrinsic feedback Available to the performer without outside help, We can see the results of our actions without anyone needing to tell us what happened. Extrinsic feedback Information provided for us by someone or something else (coach, teacher, stopwatch, tape measure) Feedback Information resulting from an action or response. Short-term sensory store lasts 1-3 seconds, holds information in unprocessed form; occurs without attention Short-term memory 15 and 30 seconds; limited duration; can be lost with distraction or over time Long-term memory storage of memory over a long period of time; unlimited amount of information Signal-Detection Process The probability of detecting any given signal depends on the intensity compared to the intensity of background noise. Affected by background noise, intensity of stimulus, efficiency of the sense organs, early signal detection and improving signal detection. Psychological Refractory Period When two stimuli are presented close together the reaction time to the second stimulus is slower than normal reaction time. For example when there is a feint or dodge the feint is the stimulant one and the actual movement is the second making the movement slower. Executive motor programme A number of motor programmes put together to complete one task (triple jump, dance routine, etc) Motor programmes A set of movements stored as a whole in the memory regardless of whether feedback is used in their execution. Open Loop control of motor programmes Performance of a skill without the recourse of feedback. How we do very fast movements Closed Loop control of motor programmes Performance can be altered during execution due to the use of feedback. Perceptual Trace builds up over period of practice; becomes internal reference of correctness; memory of how the performance of a skill should feel & controls already ongoing movement. Memory Trace The physical record in the nervous system that preserves a memory. Controls the selection and initiation of a movement. schema theory Combines both open and closed loop motor programs. Requires the use of LTM and STM to make the appropriate decisions about movements. Recall Schema memory with regard to the choice and initiation of action/ require long