Renal Exam 2 – RRT Questions with 100% Correct Answers Verified

Renal Exam 2 – RRT Questions with 100% Correct Answers Verified 3 types of vascular access for hemodialysis - answerArteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, venous catheters Arteriovenous fistula - answerSurgical connection between artery and vein, ideal, heals quickly Arteriovenous graft - answerSynthetic connection between artery and vein Venous cathters - answerInserted into veins, temporary, emergency situations What risk do all types of vascular access have - answerInfection When should you plan for dialysis - answerGFR below 30 (stage 4) When is dialysis usually initiated - answerGFR below 15 (Stage 5) HD diffusion - answerPassive movement of solute across semipermeable membrane, removes small electrolytes and can add solutes to blood HD ultrafiltration - answerMovement of solvent across a membrane with a pressure gradient, removes water and large solutes (urea, drugs) Hypotension definition - answerSudden drop in SBP over 30 or SBP under 90 What causes hypotension in HD - answerFluid removal from bloodstream, taking HTN meds before HF Hypotension treatment - answerNS bolus, tilt head below feet Hypotension prevention - answerMidrodrine 30 minutes before HD, hold HTN meds until after HD What causes muscle cramps in HD - answerRemoval of too much fluid, decreased perfusion of muscles Muscle cramps treatment - answerNS, hypertonic saline, dextrose 50% Muscle cramps prevention (non-pharm) - answerDecrease rate, stretching