9: Human Development Latest Version Already Passed

9: Human Development Latest Version Already Passed Developmental Psychology the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior Biological and Environment two types of forces that combine to shape the path of human development Prenatal Period human growth period beginning with conception and ending with birth Infancy human growth period beginning at birth and lasting between 18 and 24 months Childhood human maturation period beginning at the end of infancy and lasting until somewhere between ages 11 and 14 Adolescence human maturation period beginning with puberty at the end of childhood and lasts until somewhere between 18 and 21 years Zygote formed when a sperm unites with an egg to make the first cell of a new life 2 Weeks After Fertilization human development period in the womb when the zygote becomes firmly implanted in the uterine wall 2 Weeks to 2 Months After Fertilization developmental period in the womb when the human becomes an embryo where the organs and internal systems begin to form 2 Months After Fertilization developmental period when the growing human is called a fetus where no new structures emerge and the fetus simply grows larger, stronger, and fatter, as the body organs mature Emotional State and Hormones two factors determined by the mother that can highly influence the human development in utero Teratogens environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus such as drugs, alcohol, bacteria, viruses, and chemicals. the extent of damage depends on when the fetus is exposed as well as the length and amount of exposure Dynamic Systems Theory the theory that development is a self-organizing process, where new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interaction between a biological being and his or her cultural and environmental contexts Conditions for Developmental Avances conditions provided by both the person's active exploration of an environment and the constant feedback that the environment provides Grasping Reflex a survival mechanism seen in newborns that persisted from our primate ancestors Rooting Reflex a reflex of newborns categorized as the turning and sucking that infants automatically engage in when a nipple or similar object touches and area near their mouths Myelination process that occurs during in different brain regions at different stages of human development and is the brain's way of insulating its "wires", beginning specially on the spinal cord during the first trimester of pregnancy and on the neurons during the second trimester, allowing myelinated axons to form synapses with other neurons Synaptic Pruning process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, and those that are not atrophy