Wildland firefighting S-190 Questions With Correct Answers 100%

Where the fire started and or where it's going. - Answer-Origin Greatest rate of spread. Moves intensely. May have more than one head. - Answer-Head Long narrow strips of fire that break off of the main fire. Caused by mixed fuels, natural features dividing the fire. - Answer-Fingers Unaffected area between the main fire and finger. - Answer-Pocket Outer boundary of burning or burnt area. - Answer-Perimeter Opposite to the head of the fire. Close to the point of origin. - Answer-Rear/ heel Sides of a wildland fire. May change to the head or fingers might form because of fuel. - Answer-Flanks Unburned areas inside the perimeter. - Answer-Islands Unplanned or unwanted fires. - Answer-Wildland fires Part of the control line. Dug to mineral soil. Where firefighting activities take place. - Answer-Fireline Smalls fires burning beyond main fire boundary. - Answer-Spot fires Rising hot air/ gas above the fire source. - Answer-Convection column When fire crosses a control line - Answer-Slopover/ BreakoverUnburned area close to the fire where live or dead fuels are. NOT SAFE - Answer-The green Living plants, high moisture vegetation, low moisture content - Answer-Live fuels Where moisture is only governed by only atmospheric moisture. Ie: relative humidity and precipitation. - Answer-Dead fuels Area where fire has already moved through. - Answer-The Black Fuel that contacts the ground. Ex: leafs, dead branches, bark, tree cones. - Answer-Surface/ Ground Fuel Fuel suspended from the ground. Ex: branches, twigs, bark and vines. - Answer-Aerial fuels Steep terrain, hot spots, falling snags, exposure from adjacent Unburned fuels. - Answer-Black unsafe Wind shift or a fire moves fast and doesn't burn everything. - Answer-Reburns Manner in which the fire reacts to various fuels, weather and topography. - Answer-Fire behavior Movement of the fire. - Answer-Fire spread How fast the fire is moving. Measured in chains or acres per hour. - Answer-Rate of Spread ROS How the fire is measured. 60ft in a chain. Ex: 1ft/min= 1 chain per hour 10ft/min= 10 chains per hour - Answer-Chain Where continuous combustion is taking place within a fire. Leading edge of fire perimeter. Surfaces fires= smoldering combustion. - Answer-Flaming front/ Fire front Self sustaining process of a fuel that produces heat and light. - Answer-CombustionBurning without flame. Moves slowly. - Answer-Smoldering Fast drying. Usually in a shallow flame front. High surface area to volume ratio. Less than 1/4 in diameter easily ignite and burn rapidly - Answer-Light fuels Logs, large limbs, not easy to ignite. Burn hot, long and slow - Answer-Heavy fuels Low flame. Burns slowly - Answer-Creeping fires Spreads rapidly. Well defined head. - Answer-Running fire When the fire spreads across the tree tops faster than the surface Fire. - Answer-Fire crowning Not as serious as a crown fire. Ignites tree tops for a bit then goes back to surface fire - Answer-Torching fire Sudden increase in ROS. Can behave like fire storms. - Answer-Blowup Work connections with putting out the fire. - Answer-Fire Suppression Short time and doesn't change existing control plans. - Answer-Flare up Air blasts from helicopters and air tankers. - Answer-What cause flare ups? Smaller fires, isolated portions of big fires. When the fire is calm and innocent. - Answer-When can blow and flare ups occur? Making the fire safe after it's controlled. - Answer-Mop upSpinning columns of rising air and fire gases. Carry smoke, debris and flames. Can cause spotting. 1-500ft in diameter. - Answer-Firewhirl Constructed or natural fire barriers. Also describes treated fire edges. - Answer-Control line A section where flammable material has been removed or scraped by digging down to soil. - AnswerFireline Where you should start your fireline. Minimizes the chance of being outflanked by the fire when the line is being built. - Answer-Anchor points Complete control line around fire, burn out Unburned areas on the opposite side of the line, cool down hot spots. - Answer-Control a fire Land surface configuration; terrain - Answer-Topography Natural gas, propane, butane, hydrogen,acetylene, carbon monoxide. - Answer-Gas fuels Dust, coal, wood, paper, plastic,hay, cork,sugar,grain. - Answer-Solid fuels Gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, paint, - Answer-Liquid fuels