The Impact of Bullying and Victimisation on Emotional Development of Young
Adults
Kelsey Nairn
BAppSocSci (Honors)
South African College of Applied Psychology
Research Methodology
Vanessa Stratford
5th May 2022
, Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................3
2. Literature Review...................................................................................................................3
2.1 Defining Bullying.............................................................................................................3
2.2 Bullying during the Adolescent Phase.............................................................................4
2.3 Adolescent Victims' Family and Psychological Risk Factors .........................................6
2.4 Psychological Effects of Bullying on an Adolescent.......................................................7
3. Research Question..................................................................................................................8
4. Research Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................8
5. Research Design.....................................................................................................................8
5.1 Participants Sample..........................................................................................................8
5.2 Research Tools.................................................................................................................9
5.2.1 Interviews..................................................................................................................9
5.2.1 Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) ........................................10
5.2.3 The CAPS-CA-5 Questionnaire..............................................................................11
5.3 Data Collection Procedure & Methods..........................................................................11
5.4 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................12
5.5 Limitations......................................................................................................................13
References................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 1...............................................................................................................................19
, 1. Introduction
Bullying among adolescents has been the subject of several studies. However, just a
few researchers have focused on the accompanying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Many bullied teenagers, according to basic clinical experience and therapeutic interactions,
have severe cases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this
proposed research is to explore further into the traumatic experiences of bullied young
adults and the psychological impact bullying has on their emotional development. The
mixed-methods technique presented in this article is a comparatively recent approach. The
PTSD that develops from bullying may be studied using this methodology. Psychic and
familial risk factors will be better understood as a result. There may be a special
convergence (1) that increases the vulnerability of teenagers to bullying and other forms of
trauma when genetic and psychological risk factors are coupled concurrently.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Defining Bullying
Bullying is a worldwide multifaceted phenomenon. An estimated 100-600 million
teenagers around the world are reportedly impacted (Pepler et al., 2008). This phenomenon
has been the subject of several studies during the past two decades. Between 1980 and 2007,
the number of publications on the subject, largely authored in English and Spanish,
reportedly quadrupled (Cook et al., 2010). Despite the intense attention of clinical
psychologists and researchers, the phenomena remain difficult to comprehend. As a result,
there appears to be no consensus on what the term "bullying" means.
According to Olweus (1993), bullying occurs when someone intentionally
and purposely inflicts pain, injury, discomfort, or suffering on another person, which is
basically what aggressive behavior entails. Physical contact, words, or other methods can all
be used to carry out negative actions, such as making a face or making a rude gesture, or
Adults
Kelsey Nairn
BAppSocSci (Honors)
South African College of Applied Psychology
Research Methodology
Vanessa Stratford
5th May 2022
, Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................3
2. Literature Review...................................................................................................................3
2.1 Defining Bullying.............................................................................................................3
2.2 Bullying during the Adolescent Phase.............................................................................4
2.3 Adolescent Victims' Family and Psychological Risk Factors .........................................6
2.4 Psychological Effects of Bullying on an Adolescent.......................................................7
3. Research Question..................................................................................................................8
4. Research Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................8
5. Research Design.....................................................................................................................8
5.1 Participants Sample..........................................................................................................8
5.2 Research Tools.................................................................................................................9
5.2.1 Interviews..................................................................................................................9
5.2.1 Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) ........................................10
5.2.3 The CAPS-CA-5 Questionnaire..............................................................................11
5.3 Data Collection Procedure & Methods..........................................................................11
5.4 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................12
5.5 Limitations......................................................................................................................13
References................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 1...............................................................................................................................19
, 1. Introduction
Bullying among adolescents has been the subject of several studies. However, just a
few researchers have focused on the accompanying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Many bullied teenagers, according to basic clinical experience and therapeutic interactions,
have severe cases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this
proposed research is to explore further into the traumatic experiences of bullied young
adults and the psychological impact bullying has on their emotional development. The
mixed-methods technique presented in this article is a comparatively recent approach. The
PTSD that develops from bullying may be studied using this methodology. Psychic and
familial risk factors will be better understood as a result. There may be a special
convergence (1) that increases the vulnerability of teenagers to bullying and other forms of
trauma when genetic and psychological risk factors are coupled concurrently.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Defining Bullying
Bullying is a worldwide multifaceted phenomenon. An estimated 100-600 million
teenagers around the world are reportedly impacted (Pepler et al., 2008). This phenomenon
has been the subject of several studies during the past two decades. Between 1980 and 2007,
the number of publications on the subject, largely authored in English and Spanish,
reportedly quadrupled (Cook et al., 2010). Despite the intense attention of clinical
psychologists and researchers, the phenomena remain difficult to comprehend. As a result,
there appears to be no consensus on what the term "bullying" means.
According to Olweus (1993), bullying occurs when someone intentionally
and purposely inflicts pain, injury, discomfort, or suffering on another person, which is
basically what aggressive behavior entails. Physical contact, words, or other methods can all
be used to carry out negative actions, such as making a face or making a rude gesture, or
