EMT Fisdap Cardiology Exam

Fisdap Cardiology Exam Where are Beta 1 receptors found? Heart and Kidneys Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors result in an increase of what? Heart: Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy Kidneys: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System = Vasoconstriction = Increase blood pressure Which node is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium, is typically supplied by the Right Coronary artery, and fires at a rate of 60-100 bpm. SA Node Atrial depolarization characterized by smooth, round, upright deflection less than 0.11 secs long and less than 2.5mm tall is referred to as what on the ECG? P wave Carvedilol (Coreg) Metropolol (Lopressor) Atenolol (Tenormin) Propranolol (Inderal) Bisoprolol (Zebeta) Acebutolol (Sectral) Comolol (Brevibloc) Beta Blockers - used for blood pressure and cardiac problems Epinephrine Norepinephrine Vasopressin Dopamine Phenylephrine Dobutamine Vasopressors The middle of phase 3 to beginning of phase 4 in the cardiac cycle where cardiac cells are partially refractory and partially repolarized and certain cells can be depolarized in response to electrical stimulus. Relative Refractory Period (Partial flush of the toilet) Starlings Law When end diastolic volume increases, stroke volume increases as well. (When more blood is in the ventricles, the cardiac muscle stretches like rubber band and creates more forceful contraction) Intrinsic Rate for Ventricles (Purkinje Fibers) 20-40 Intrinsic Rate for AV Junction 40-60 Treatment for Beta Blocker Overdose Glucagon: 1-5mg IV/IO (1st Line Drug) Calcium Chloride: 500mg - 1g IV/IO Why do we give Nitro for chest pain? Class MOA Indications Nitrate Vasodilator and Antianginal Relaxes vascular smooth muscle = vasodilation and venous pooling which Reduces Preload/Afterload and Dilates Coronary Arteries which increases myocardial perfusion. Cardiac Chest Pain Acute Pulmonary Edema What is our dose for nitro, and what are the contraindications? 0.4mg sublingual 15mg/1inch paste 1g patch Systolic <90mmHg PDE5 inhibitors x 48hrs Head Trauma/Hemorrhage signs Poor Systemic Perfusion Swelling of affected limb, pain and tenderness, inflammation/redness, warm to touch on affected limb, pain on dorsiflexion (Homan Sign) are all signs of? DVT Treatment of DVT Supportive Care, Position of Comfort, Establish IV, Cardiac Monitor, Pulse Ox, O2, Monitor vitals for embolism. Do not massage affected limb. The pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure. The difference between aortic diastolic pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure that perfuses the coronary arteries. Coronary Perfusion Tachycardia, Difficulty Breathing, Diminished Lung Sound, Pulse Quality Changes, and unequal chest rise are early signs and symptoms of? Tension Pneumothorax Air is entering the pleural space but cannot escape. Positive pressure ventilation can make it worse. Criteria for Unstable Dysrhythmia Ischemic Chest Pain ALOC Hypotension/Hypovolemia Signs of Shock Acute Heart Failure Restriction of of cardiac contraction, falling cardiac output, and shock as a result of pericardial fluid accumulation are characteristics of? Cardiac Tamponade Hypotension, SOB, Lightheadedness, Chest Pain, Syncope, Palpitations, Extremity Swelling, and Muffled heart sounds are signs and symptoms of? Cardiac Tamponade Indications for Dopamine Cardiogenic Shock Distributive Shock after fluids Hemodynamically significant Hypotension Symptomatic Brady (2nd Line drug) AHA Guidlines for Terminating CPR efforts in field(4) Arrest was not witnessed No bystander CPR was administered ROSC was not achieved after complete ALS care in the field No shocks were administered Time frame that starts at the patient contact by EMS and ends with definitive therapy of catheter passing through lesion of coronary vessel. EMS-to-Balloon-Time Time from patient entering ED to catheter passing through lesion of coronary vessel. Door-to-balloon-time Time from patient entering ED to fibrinolytic therapy administration. Door-to-needle-time