MICN Pre-Test Review: Questions And Correct Answers What're the 3 fluid components of the body? Correct Ans - Intracellular
Interstitial Intravascular/Extracellular
Which fluid component of the body makes up the largest portion? Correct Ans - The intracellular @ 65%: inside the cell
Interstitial 25% - fluid outside of the cell and outside the vasculature Intravascular/extracellular: 10%- outside the cells
Which fluid component of the body is the plasma? Correct Ans - Intravascular/extracellular
What is the fluid movement across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of LESSER concentration to HIGHER concentration? Correct Ans - Osmosis
What does osmosis promote? Correct Ans - Homeostasis
What is the exchange of gases from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration? Correct Ans - Diffusion
Is there a fluid shift with Isotonic fluids? Correct Ans - No- same osmotic concentration as blood Example: 0.9% NS
What fluid shift is there with hypertonic fluids? Correct Ans - Fluid is drawn into intravascular space - increased osmotic pressure and increased concentration Example: D50W, 3% saline
What fluid shift is there with hypotonic fluids? Correct Ans - Fluids leaves the vasculature and enters the cell Example: D5W
Due to decreased osmotic pressure and decreased concentration
What 2 essential substances are necessary for cellular function? Correct Ans - Glucose and oxygen
What is the predominant INTRACELLULAR ion? Correct Ans - Potassium
What is the function of potassium in the body? Correct Ans - Transmission of electrical impulses in the heart
What can a deficiency of potassium lead to? Correct Ans - Arrhythmias
What is the predominant extracellular ion? Correct Ans - Sodium
What is the function of sodium in the body? Correct Ans - Attract water and is important for brain and muscle function
What electrolyte if important for cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction? Correct Ans - Calcium Also contributes to nerve impulse transmission
What electrolyte is released by the kidneys to buffer excess acid in the system? Correct Ans - Bicarbonate
Which electrolyte moves out of the cells during depolarization? Correct Ans - Potassium
What electrolyte moves into the cells during depolarization? Correct Ans - Sodium
What is the substance of aerobic metabolism? Correct Ans - Oxygen (aer) What is the by-product of aerobic metabolism? Correct Ans - Carbonic acid >> breaks down CO2 and H20
What type of metabolism occurs when there is a lack of oxygen?
What is the by product? Correct Ans - Anaerobic Lactic acid is the by product
6 s/s of dehydration: Correct Ans - Tachycardia Poor skin turgor
Delayed cap refill
hypotension
ALOC
Pallor
What is the initial compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to acute volume loss? Correct Ans - Tachycardia
What is cardiac output? Correct Ans - Amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute SV times heart rate = cardiac output
What is a "normal" cardiac output? Correct Ans - 5-6 liters
Define stroke volume? Correct Ans - The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction
What is a "normal" stroke volume? Correct Ans - 80 cc's
Define ventricular systole: Correct Ans - Contraction of the ventricles (relaxation of the atria-atrial diastole)
Define ventricular diastole? Correct Ans - Relaxation of the ventricles (contraction of the atria-atrial systole)
Interstitial Intravascular/Extracellular
Which fluid component of the body makes up the largest portion? Correct Ans - The intracellular @ 65%: inside the cell
Interstitial 25% - fluid outside of the cell and outside the vasculature Intravascular/extracellular: 10%- outside the cells
Which fluid component of the body is the plasma? Correct Ans - Intravascular/extracellular
What is the fluid movement across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of LESSER concentration to HIGHER concentration? Correct Ans - Osmosis
What does osmosis promote? Correct Ans - Homeostasis
What is the exchange of gases from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration? Correct Ans - Diffusion
Is there a fluid shift with Isotonic fluids? Correct Ans - No- same osmotic concentration as blood Example: 0.9% NS
What fluid shift is there with hypertonic fluids? Correct Ans - Fluid is drawn into intravascular space - increased osmotic pressure and increased concentration Example: D50W, 3% saline
What fluid shift is there with hypotonic fluids? Correct Ans - Fluids leaves the vasculature and enters the cell Example: D5W
Due to decreased osmotic pressure and decreased concentration
What 2 essential substances are necessary for cellular function? Correct Ans - Glucose and oxygen
What is the predominant INTRACELLULAR ion? Correct Ans - Potassium
What is the function of potassium in the body? Correct Ans - Transmission of electrical impulses in the heart
What can a deficiency of potassium lead to? Correct Ans - Arrhythmias
What is the predominant extracellular ion? Correct Ans - Sodium
What is the function of sodium in the body? Correct Ans - Attract water and is important for brain and muscle function
What electrolyte if important for cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction? Correct Ans - Calcium Also contributes to nerve impulse transmission
What electrolyte is released by the kidneys to buffer excess acid in the system? Correct Ans - Bicarbonate
Which electrolyte moves out of the cells during depolarization? Correct Ans - Potassium
What electrolyte moves into the cells during depolarization? Correct Ans - Sodium
What is the substance of aerobic metabolism? Correct Ans - Oxygen (aer) What is the by-product of aerobic metabolism? Correct Ans - Carbonic acid >> breaks down CO2 and H20
What type of metabolism occurs when there is a lack of oxygen?
What is the by product? Correct Ans - Anaerobic Lactic acid is the by product
6 s/s of dehydration: Correct Ans - Tachycardia Poor skin turgor
Delayed cap refill
hypotension
ALOC
Pallor
What is the initial compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to acute volume loss? Correct Ans - Tachycardia
What is cardiac output? Correct Ans - Amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute SV times heart rate = cardiac output
What is a "normal" cardiac output? Correct Ans - 5-6 liters
Define stroke volume? Correct Ans - The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction
What is a "normal" stroke volume? Correct Ans - 80 cc's
Define ventricular systole: Correct Ans - Contraction of the ventricles (relaxation of the atria-atrial diastole)
Define ventricular diastole? Correct Ans - Relaxation of the ventricles (contraction of the atria-atrial systole)
