DAANCE Module 3 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A +

DAANCE Module 3 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A + Pulmonary artery - One of two arteries that carry venous (oxygen poor) blood from heart to lungs What type of intubation is preferred with emesis with aspiration? - ETT. LMA or combitube acceptable. What emergency would a cricothyrotomy typically be performed? - Airway obstruction Atropine would be given in which emergency? - Symptomatic bradycardia Adenosine would be given in which emergency? - SVT Amiodarone would be given in which emergency? - V. Tach What medications can be given for a sever case of hyperventilation? - Versed, Valium, or Propofol PVC's are treated with which medicine? - Lidocaine Epi is given in which two emergencies? - V. Fib and asystole Max dose of epi for cardiovascular disease pt - .04mg A beta blocker would be given in which emergency? - Hypertension A fluid bolus of NS and ephedrine can be given with what emergency? - Hypotension What medications are used to treat malignant hypothermia? - Dantrolene, IV cold saline (not Ringer's) Nasopharyngeal airway - When tongue is obstructing airway. Tube is lubricated and passed through the nose into nasal cavity. Sits in oropharynx behind tongue. Well tolerated and can be used on awake pts. Oropharyngeal airway - Also placed to position tongue in more anterior position. Often interfere with intra oral procedures. Not tolerated well with awake pts. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) - Device that sits over top of larynx. Can be placed blindly. Does not protect against aspiration. Inflated with 30cc to create seal. Endotracheal intubation - End of tube passes through vocal cords and terminates half way between vocal cords and bifurcation of trachea. Important to listen to both lungs after placement. May or May not be cuffed. Combitube - Generally used for specific emergencies. Both cuffs inflated. Pts predisposed to bronchospasm - Allergies, asthma, copd, bronchitis Bronchospasm - Generalized contraction of smooth muscles of small bronchi and bronchioles in lungs causing restriction of air flow of air to and from lungs. Maximum dose of epi for healthy pt - .2mg Liver - Protein and lipid synthesis, bio transformation, detoxification and storage of vitamin A, E, D, K, and B12. Causes of seizures - Liver failure, renal failure, sickle cell disease, brain tumor, meningitis, previous stroke and hypo-hyperglycemia. Medications to treat seizures - Tegretol, Klonopin, Neurontin, luminal, Dilantin, depacon Main function of kidneys - Maintain volume and composition of body fluids. Body's main source of filtration and excrete metabolic end products and toxins. Islets of langerhans - Located in pancreas. Secrete insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps the body store sugar to keep glucose levels in a steady state. Adrenal glands - Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Controls electrolyte balance and carb metabolism. Thyroid - Regulates body's basal metabolic rate. Pterygoid plexus - Network of veins corresponding to 2nd and 3rd parts of maxillary artery Olfactory nerve - 1st cranial nerve that controls smell Optic nerve - 2nd cranial nerve that controls sight Internal jugular vein - Drains much of blood from head and neck Purkinje fiber system - Causes muscles of heart to contract. Spreads impulse rapidly along heart muscle. Brachiocephalic artery - Branches into right common carotid in neck and right subclavian artery in arm. Hematocrit - % blood volume made up of red blood cells. Men: 42-52% women: 37-48%. Anything below 35% considered anemic. Mental artery - Supplies blood to chin. Ischemia - Reduced blood flow in coronary arteries. Lack of oxygen to heart cells weakens, but does not kill them. Maxillary artery - Supplies blood to maxilla, teeth, sinuses, and portion of nose. Medulla oblongata - Coordinating region for impulses. The seat of many autonomic centers. Normal levels of hemoglobin - Males: 13-18 mg/dL Females: 14-16 mg/dL Oropharynx - Located between soft palate and epiglottis. Facial nerve - 7th cranial nerve. Supplies motor fibers to muscles of facial expression. Trigeminal nerve - 5th cranial nerve. Supplies sensation to teeth and jaws. Vagus nerve - 10th cranial nerve. Supplies fibers to many parts of body. (Ears, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thoracic/abdominal viscera). Pulmonary veins - Return oxygenated blood to left atrium from lungs. Only veins that carry oxygenated blood. Superior vena cava - Drains head, neck, and upper extremities into right atrium. Adrenal glad - Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids. Ectopic focus - Displaced central point of origin for cardiac dysrhythmias. Inferior alveolar artery - Supplies blood to teeth, mandible, lower lip, and chin. Inferior vena cava - Drains lower extremities and abdominal viscera into right atrium. Brachial artery - Supplies blood to shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. Facial artery - Supplies blood to face, tonsil, palate, and submandibular gland. T's of pulseleas electrical activity - Toxins, trauma, thrombosis, tension pneumothorax, tamponade H's of pulseless electrical activity - Hydrogen ion, hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypoglycemia, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypothermia. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) - Normal appearing tracing, but patient has no pulse. Asystole - Cessation of all contractions. "Flat line" usually follows v. fib or v. tach. Treated with CPR. Ventricular fibrillation v. fib - Course v. fib with prominent, erratic baseline or fine v. fib with far less pronounced vacillations. No p, qrs, or t. Often precedes asystole. Class III - Pt has severe systemic disturbance or disease. Class IV - Patient has a severe, life threatening systemic disorder. Class V - Patient is moribund with little chance of survival. Surgery is done in desperation. Class II - Patient has mild to no systemic disturbance. Smokers included. Class I - Patient has no organic, biochemical, psychiatric, or physiological disturbance. Beta blockers - Reduce the rate and force of contraction of the heart. (Atenolol) Vasodilators - Reduce the pressure vasculature. (Norvasc, lisinopril, diovan) Diuretics - Reduce the volume of fluid in system. Used to treat coronary artery disease. (HCTZ, Lasix) Hypertension - Blood pressure of 140/90 or greater. (Hx of nosebleeds, headaches, and dizziness) Rate of ventricles - 20-40 Rate of AV node - 40-60 Rate of atria - 60-80 Arrest rhythms - Ventricular dysrhythmias Rate of SA node - 60-100 Social history review of systems - Patients smoking and alcohol history/current use should be noted along with illegal drug use. Ventricular foci - Located in ventricles Supraventricular foci - Located above level of ventricles in atria.