AORN PERIOP 101 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

AORN PERIOP 101 Exam Questions with Complete Rationales All the following professionals are qualified to provide anesthesia to a patient EXCEPT: a) anesthesiologist b) CRNA c) anesthesiology assistant d) operating surgeon - ANS: d) operating surgeon Of the following, which is not used to secure airway: a) ET tube b) LMA c) nasal cannula d) oral airway - ANS: c) nasal cannula The perioperative team should know the location of equipment stored in the OR and in the department. Equipment that the anesthesia provider may request includes: a) video laryngoscopy devices b) fiberoptic bronchoscopes c) suction tips and devices d) all of the above - ANS: d) all of the above General Anesthesia - ANS: a drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness, it includes amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to varying degree Regional Anesthesia - ANS: an injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers to cause reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body, common examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - ANS: when an anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as needed Moderate Sedation - ANS: the administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or under physician supervision. Depending on state laws and hospital policies, a perioperative nurse may be able to administer this type of anesthesia Local Anesthesia - ANS: The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body. It is typically used for minor procedures, does not involve an anesthesia provider, and does not involve sedation. A perioperative nurse monitors the patient and provides supportive care if needed. The phases of general anesthesia, in order, are: a) induction, maintenance, emergence b) emergence, maintenance, induction c) maintenance, emergence, induction d) induction, emergence, maintenance - ANS: a) induction, maintenance, emergence Propofol - ANS: IV induction agent etomidate - ANS: IV induction agent methohexitol - ANS: IV induction agent IV induction agent - ANS: ketamine sevoflurane with or without nitric oxide - ANS: inhaled induction agent Succinylcholine - ANS: short-acting muscle relaxant cisatracurium - ANS: intermediate-acting muscle relaxant atracurium - ANS: intermediate-acting muscle relaxant rocuronium - ANS: intermediate-acting muscle relaxant vecuronium - ANS: intermediate-acting muscle relaxant pancuronium - ANS: long-acting muscle relaxant isoflurane - ANS: used for inhalation maintenance desflurane - ANS: used for inhalation maintenance total iv anesthesia (TIVA) - ANS: a technique for maintaining anesthesia using infusions of short-acting IV agents without inhalation anesthetics. Propofol and remifentanil are often used for TIVA. Reversal agent for succinylcholine - ANS: none! neostigmine - ANS: reversal for muscle relaxant (except succinylcholine) edrophonium - ANS: reversal for muscle relaxant (except succinylcholine) sugammadex - ANS: reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium flumazenil - ANS: reversal agent for benzos (midazolam) naloxone - ANS: reversal agent for narcotics (fentanyl) which of the following type of airway maintenance usually requires muscle relazants? a) spontaneous respiration b) mask ventilation c) laryngeal mask airway d) endotracheal intubation - ANS: d) endotracheal intubation When should cricoid pressure be released? a) if the patient coughs b) when the patient loses consciousness c) if the anesthesia provider cannot see the vocal cords d) after the cuff of the ET tube is inflated and the position is confirmed - ANS: d) after the cuff of the ET tube is inflated and the position is confirmed lidocaine - ANS: local anesthetic bupivacaine - ANS: local anesthetic ropivacaine - ANS: local anesthetic tetracaine - ANS: for long-acting spinal anesthesia epinephrine (anesthesia) - ANS: added to increase density and duration of a regional block bicarbonate (anesthesia) - ANS: sometimes added to reduce the acidity of the local anesthetic and speed the onset of the block Spinal Anesthesia - ANS: the subarachnoid space is entered and local anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal canal, pt sitting or lateral Epidural Anesthesia - ANS: the anesthesia care provider finds the space between the ligamentum flavum and dura, this space is identified by a loss of resistance as the needle is advanced, a single dose of anesthetic can be injected, or a catheter can be placed IV regional anesthesia (Bier Block) - ANS: used for procedures on hand, wrist, or forearm (double tourniquet method) Local Anesthetic System Toxicity (LAST) - ANS: can occur if unsafe amount of local anesthetic enters bloodstream, can occur slowly as med is absorbed over time, or quickly if accidentally injected into blood vessel CAN PROGRESS TO SEIZURES AND CARDIAC OR RESP ARREST