AD & PVD NCLEX PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). Which finding should the nurse​ expect? Wheezing upon auscultation of the lungs Decreased sensation of the upper extremities Dilated blood vessels in the eye Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities may be present in the client with PVD. The other clinical manifestations are not present in the client with PVD. A community health nurse is teaching a group of adults about the risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) and chronic venous insufficiency​ (CVI). Which risk factor should the nurse​ include? (Select all that​ apply.) Physical inactivity Age 45 or older Increased cholesterol levels Male sex Excess body weight Physical inactivity Increased cholesterol levels Excess body weight Risk factors associated with PVD and CVI include increased cholesterol​ levels, excess body weight or​ obesity, and physical inactivity. Clients age 50 and older are at greatest risk for developing PVD or CVI. Males and females are equally affected by these conditions. A​ client's daughter asks how to prevent peripheral vascular disease. Which information should the nurse include as a preventative​ measure? (Select all that​ apply.) Exercising regularly Starting blood pressure medications Maintaining a healthy weight Starting​ cholesterol-lowering medications Quitting smoking Exercising regularly Maintaining a healthy weight Quitting smoking Preventative measures for PVD include maintaining a healthy lifestyle​ (ideal weight,​ exercising), smoking​ cessation, and following treatment for chronic illnesses. It is outside of the scope of the nurse to prescribe blood pressure or​ cholesterol-lowering medications. It is also unknown whether this client requires those medications.​ However, blood pressure and​ cholesterol-lowering medications can help slow or reverse the progress of PVD if taken as ordered by a provider. The nurse is completing a physical assessment on a client with edema and pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities. The nurse suspects the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse expect to​ observe? Skin hyperpigmentation Absent pedal pulses Cool feet and toes Gangrene Skin hyperpigmentation Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency include edema of the lower extremities and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the feet and ankles. Absent​ pulses, cool skin on the feet and​ toes, and gangrene are signs of an arterial​ problem, not a venous problem. A nurse is examining a client diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) who has an ulcer on the great right toe. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse​ expect? (Select all that​ apply). The toenails are thickened. The extremity is cool to touch. There is an absence of hair on the legs. There is brown pigmentation of the lower extremity. There is pitting edema in the lower extremity. The toenails are thickened. The extremity is cool to touch. There is an absence of hair on the legs. Wounds on the​ toes, absence of hair on the​ legs, cool​ extremities, and thick toenails are all features of arterial problems. Venous problems are characterized by brown pigmentation of the skin of the lower extremity and edema. A home health nurse is caring for a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). When teaching the client regarding foot and leg​ care, which statement should the nurse​ include? (Select all that​ apply.) ​"Dry between your toes after​ showering." ​"Apply moisturizing cream to feet and legs​ daily." ​"Buy shoes in the​ morning, when feet are​ largest." ​"Avoid using powder on your​ feet." ​"When swimming, ensure the water is​ cool, not​ warm." "Dry between your toes after​ showering." ​"Apply moisturizing cream to feet and legs​ daily." Foot and leg care for clients with PVD includes applying moisturizing cream to feet and legs daily as well as drying between the toes after showering. The client should use powder on the feet to keep feet dry. When​ swimming, water should be warm because cool water causes​ vasospasm, worsening the​ client's condition. The client should buy shoes in the​ afternoon, when feet are largest. A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease about proper positioning of the lower extremities. Which client statement indicates a need for further​ teaching? ​"I can sit in a chair while I watch​ television." ​"I will avoid crossing my​ legs." ​"I will elevate my legs and feet on pillows when I lie​ down." ​"I should hang my legs off the bed while I am​ resting." ​"I will elevate my legs and feet on pillows when I lie​ down." Elevation of the affected limb can slow arterial blood flow to the​ feet, so this position should be avoided. The client may sleep with the extremities hanging or positioned upright in a chair. The client is also instructed to avoid crossing the legs because this interferes with blood flow. The nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle modifications to promote vasodilation in a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). Which intervention should the nurse​ suggest? Wash extremities in cool water. Walk daily. Stop smoking. Take an aspirin daily. Stop smoking. Smoking causes​ vasoconstriction, so stopping smoking will improve vasodilation. Increasing activity such as walking may lead to collateral circulation but does not cause vasodilation. The use of aspirin may impede platelet clumping but does not cause vasodilation. Cool water may cause vasoconstriction to occur. The nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). Which intervention should the nurse teach the​ client? (Select all that​ apply.) Avoid crossing the legs when in a sitting position. Put on​ above-the-knee elastic hose with the legs elevated. Avoid walking or standing to allow the legs to rest. Encourage wearing​ knee-high compression stockings. Elevate the legs when asleep or resting. Avoid crossing the legs when in a sitting position. Put on​ above-the-knee elastic hose with the legs elevated. Elevate the legs when asleep or resting. Nursing interventions for PVD include elevating the legs when resting or​ asleep, avoiding crossing the legs or putting pressure on the back of the​ knees, and putting on hose after the legs have been elevated. The client should be encouraged to walk as much as possible.