AQA Psychology A Level 2021 Paper 2 MS Exam Questions And Answers

Wilhelm Wundt - ANS - First Psychologist - First Lab in Germany - Experimental Conditions - Structuralism and Introspection Introspection - ANS Person Gains knowledge about their mental state by examining their conscious thoughts and feelings Empiricism - ANS Knowledge is derived from sensory experience, characterized by the use of the scientific method Scientific Method - ANS The investigative methods that are: - Objective - Systematic - Reliable Evaluation of Wundt - ANS - methods were unreliable as it relied on non-observable - Introspection is not accurate because people are often unaware of are behaviors Evaluation of the Scientific Approach - ANS - its objective and systematic - Rely on determinism - Self corrective - Create non-naturalistic environments - Human behavior is not always observable to the rules of science Classical Conditioning - ANS Pavlov - When a neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an unconditional stimulus so that it takes on the properties on the stimulus and is able to produced a conditioned response Classical Conditioning steps - ANS UCS -> UCR NS -> No Response UCS+NS -> UCR CS -> CR Features of CC - ANS - If time interval is too great between conditioning it does not work - CR will become extinct in the absence of the UCS after a while - If extinct and paired again they pair more quickly (Spontaneous Recovery) - Stimulus generalization, CR is created to things similar to CS Operant Conditioning - ANS Skinner - Learning through reinforcement or punishment, a behavior is more likely if followed by a desirable consequence Positive Reinforcement - ANS Behaviour