Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Questions With Complete Solutions!!

Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Indications - Answer -reasons for giving a drug contraindications - Answer -reasons to not give a drug legend drugs - Answer -drugs that have the ability to cause serious harm if misused, must be regulated by the FDA as prescription drugs. Contain a caution statement "caution federal law restricts the use of this drug to use/by/or on the order of a licensed veterinarian." veterinarian client relationship - Answer -vet takes responsibility for making decisions based on need for treatment and the client agreeing to follow the vets' instructions. Decision must be made with a sufficient amount of information of the animal. regimen - Answer -plan for drug administration, printed on medication label ROUTE: of administration DOSAGE: amount of drug given FREQUENCY: how often to give drug DURATION: how long to give the drug t.i.d q.i.d b.i.d - Answer -three times a day (ter in die) four times a day (quater in die) twice a day (bis in die) Pharmacokinetics - Answer -complex series of events involving how the body reacts to the movement of drugs in the body. Occurs after drug administration Pharmacodynamics - Answer -study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action in the body. Routes of Administration (11) - Answer -oral: mouth intravenous: vein intramuscular: muscle subcutaneous: tissue beneath skin intradermal: skin intraperitoneal: abdominal cavity intraarterial: artery intraarticular: joint intracardiac: heart intramedullary: marrow (bone) epidural/subdural: spine/near spine nebulizer - Answer -device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment (to kill small organisms or open lungs) metered -dose inhaler - Answer -handheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation. anesthetic gases - Answer -gaseous forms given with vaporizers transdermal (topical) drugs - Answer -drugs placed on the skin (patch) allowing slow absorption over time concentration gradient - Answer -drugs moving from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration Bioavailability - Answer -measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is available to patient water -soluble drugs - Answer -Drugs that dissolve in water and tend to stay in the bloodstream and either stay free or bond to various proteins (albumin) lipid -soluble drugs - Answer -drugs absorbed by bodily fats and move out of the bloodstream into the interstitial space (between organs and tissues) fat, liver, bone, and kidneys act as storage sites for these drugs. placenta - Answer -blood brain barrier preventing blood from entering the brain tissues. may also interfere with the absorption of certain drugs. provides nutrients to fetus. drug excretion - Answer -the process of eliminating medications, through the liver (bile), kidneys (urine), but also through mammary glands, sweat, feces, and saliva. residues - Answer -drugs that will appear in the animal's milk or meat products, can cause allergic reactions or cause bacteria to become resistant to certain antibiotics. can result in cancer. efficacy - Answer -degree to which desired effect is achieved potency - Answer -amount of drug needed to produce desired effect. represented by a dose -responsive curve lethal dose (LD50) - Answer -Dose that's lethal to kill 50% of animals given that drug effective dose (ED50) - Answer -Dose that produced the desired effect in 50% of animals given that drug therapeutic index - Answer -LD50/ED50