CCI Echocardiography Practice Exam Questions and Answers 2024

Which Aortic leaflet is the superior one in the PSLA - Right Leaflet Name the tricuspid leaflets - Posterior and Anterior The coronary arteries come off of the.. - Sinus of Valsalva Name the vessels coming off the arch and the most proximal or distal. - Innominate (proximal), left carotid, and the left subclavian (distal) What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? - Coarctation of the Aorta Where do the most aortic Coarctation occur? - After the take-off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus Where are the pulmonary veins loca? Which ones are seen in this view? - Rights and left superior (upper) pulmonary veins Where is the coronary sinus located? - Posterior AV groove To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the transducer.. - Posterior During which phase do the coronaries fill? - early diastole Where is the chiari network located? - RA What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole? - A wave Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE - TTE probes are usually higher 5-7MGz, while TTE probes are 2-7MHz At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe? - 40-45C Know TEE views by esophageal level (know mid esophageal- ME and transgastric) and degrees. - 4ch- 0 degrees 2ch- 90 degrees LAX- 120 degrees Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker? - The SA node has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue. The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the epicardium. - Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above. What is the absolute refractory state? - That period when a muscle cell is not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative refractory period' is during phase 3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is strong. Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents - P wave- atrial systole P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization) QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization) What is the normal duration for the QRS complex? - 0.10 sec Frank-Sterling Law - Increased volume= increased contractility RUBBER BAND THEORY Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve - Chronic AI is failure when we drop off the end Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload? - yes (when shunt L-R) Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... - Preload= dilatation Afterload= hypertrophy Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction? - CXR Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration? - Increase Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases? - Increases Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR. - Severe Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP? - 70mmHg A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What happened to the pt? - Coanda effect? Coanda Effect- Define. - Wall hugging effect Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is.. - Severe MR Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt? - Mitral regurgitation dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - LV systolic dysfunction