CIPT Glossry Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024

CIPT Glossry Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024 Access Control Entry - answerAn element in an access control list (ACL). Each ACE controls, monitors, or records access to an object by a specified user. Acronym(s): ACE Associated term(s): Access Control List (ACL) Access Control List - answerA list of access control entries (ACE) that apply to an object. Each ACE controls or monitors access to an object by a specified user. In a discretionary access control list (DACL), the ACL controls access; in a system access control list (SACL) the ACL monitors access in a security event log which can comprise part of an audit trail. Acronym(s): ACL Associated term(s): Access Control Entry (ACE) Accountability - answerThe implementation of appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure and be able to demonstrate that the handling of personal data is performed in accordance with relevant law, an idea codified in the EU General Data Protection Regulation and other frameworks, including APEC's Cross Border Privacy Rules. Traditionally, accountability has been a fair information practices principle, that due diligence and reasonable steps will be undertaken to ensure that personal information will be protected and handled consistently with relevant law and other fair use principles. Active Data Collection - answerWhen an end user deliberately provides information, typically through the use of web forms, text boxes, check boxes or radio buttons. Associated term(s): Passive Data Collection, First-party Collection, Surveillance Collection, Repurposing, Third-party Collection AdChoices - answerA program run by the Digital Advertising Alliance to promote awareness and choice in advertising for internet users. Websites with ads from participating DAA members will have an AdChoices icon near advertisements or at the bottom of their pages. By clicking on the Adchoices icon, users may set preferences for behavioral advertising on that website or with DAA members generally across the web. Associated term(s): Digital Advertising Alliance Adequate Level of Protection - answerA transfer of personal data from the European Union to a third country or an international organisation may take place where the European Commission has decided that the third country, a territory or one or more specified sectors within that third country, or the international organisation in question, ensures an adequate level of protection by taking into account the following elements: (a) the rule of law, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, both general and sectoral legislation, data protection rules, professional rules and security measures, effective and enforceable data subject rights and effective administrative and judicial redress for the data subjects whose personal data is being transferred; (b) the existence and effective functioning of independent supervisory authorities with responsibility for ensuring and enforcing compliance with the data protection rules; (c) the international commitments the third country or international organisation concerned has entered into in relation to the protection of personal data. Associated term(s): Adequacy Advanced Encryption Standard - answerAn encryption algorithm for security sensitive non- classified material by the U.S. Government. This algorithm was selected in 2001 to replace the previous algorithm, the Date Encryption Standard (DES), by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a unit of the U.S. Commerce Department, through an open competition. The winning algorithm (RijnDael, pronounced rain-dahl), was developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. Acronym(s): AES Associated term(s): Authentication, Encryption Adverse Action - answerUnder the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the term "adverse action" is defined very broadly to include all business, credit and employment actions affecting consumers that can be considered to have a negative impact, such as denying or canceling credit or insurance, or denying employment or promotion. No adverse action occurs in a credit transaction where the creditor makes a counteroffer that is accepted by the consumer. Such an action requires that the decision maker furnish the recipient of the adverse action with a copy of the credit report leading to the adverse action. Associated law(s): FCRA Agile Development Model - answerA process of software system and product design that incorporates new system requirements during the actual creation of the system, as opposed to the Plan-Driven Development Model. Agile development takes a given project and focuses on specific portions to develop one at a time. An example of Agile development is the Scrum Model. Associated term(s): Plan-Driven Development Model, User Stories, SRS Anonymization - answerThe process in which individually identifiable data is altered in such a way that it no longer can be related back to a given individual. Among many techniques, there are three primary ways that data is anonymized. Suppression is the most basic version of anonymization and it simply removes some identifying values from data to reduce its identifiability. Generalization takes specific identifying values and makes them broader, such as changing a specific age (18) to an age range (18-24). Noise addition takes identifying values from a given data set and switches them with identifying values from another individual in that data set. Note that all of these processes will not guarantee that data is no longer identifiable and have to be performed in such a way that does not harm the usability of the data. Associated law(s):Anonymous Data, De-Identification, Mircodata Sets, Re-identification Anonymous Information - answerIn contrast to personal data, anonymous information or data is not related to an identified or an identifiable natural person and cannot be combined with other information to re-identify individuals. It has been rendered unidentifiable and, as such, is not protected by the GDPR. Associated term(s): Pseudonymous Data, De-Identification, Re-Identification Anti-discrimination Laws - answerAnti-discrimination laws are indications of special classes of personal data. If there exists law protecting against discrimination based on a class or status, it is likely personal information relating to that class or status is subject to more stringent data protection regulation, under the GDPR or otherwise. Application-Layer Attacks - answerAttacks that exploit flaws in the network applications installed on network servers. Such weaknesses exist in web browsers, e-mail server software, network routing software and other standard enterprise applications. Regularly applying patches and updates to applications may help prevent such attacks. Asymmetric Encryption - answerA form of data encryption that uses two separate but related keys to encrypt data. The system uses a public key, made available to other parties, and a private key, which is kept by the first party. Decryption of data encrypted by the public key requires the use of the private key; decryption of the data encrypted by the private key requires the public key. Associated term(s): Symmetric Encryption, Encryption Attribute-Based Access Control - answerAn authorization model that provides dynamic access control by assigning attributes to the users, the data, and the context in which the user requests access (also referred to as environmental factors) and analyzes these attributes together to determine access Acronym(s): ABAC Associated term(s): User-based Access Control Audit Trail - answerA chain of electronic activity or sequence of paperwork used to monitor, track, record, or validate an activity. The term originates in accounting as a reference to the chain of paperwork used to validate or invalidate accounting entries. It has since been adapted for more general use in e-commerce, to track customer's activity, or cyber-security, to investigate cybercrimes. Authentication - answerThe process by which an entity (such as a person or computer system) determines whether another entity is who it claims to be. Authentication of a data subject is required by the General Data Protection Regulation when the data subject is exercising certain rights, such as the rights to deletion or rectification, and might include supplying log-in details or biometric information. However, the data controller should not be obliged to acquire additional information in order to identify the data subject for the sole purpose of complying with any provision of the Regulation. Associated term(s): Authorization Authorization - answerIn the context of information security, it is process of determining if the end user is permitted to have access to the desired resource such as the information asset or the information system containing the asset. Authorization criteria may be based upon a variety of factors such as organizational role, level of security clearance, applicable law or a combination of factors. When effective, authentication validates that the entity requesting access is who or what it claims to be. Associated term(s): Authentication Basel III - answerA comprehensive set of reform measures, developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management of the banking sector. Behavioral Advertising - answerAdvertising that is targeted at individuals based on the observation of their behaviour over time. Most often done via automated processing of personal data, or profiling, the General Data Protection Regulation requires that data subjects be able to opt-out of any automated processing, to be informed of the logic involved in any automatic personal data processing and, at least when based on profiling, be informed of the consequences of such processing. If cookies are used to store or access information for the purposes of behavioral advertising, the ePrivacy Directive requires that data subjects provide consent for the placement of such cookies, after having been provided with clear and comprehensive information. Acronym(s): OBA Associated term(s): Online Behavioral Advertising, Behavioral Targeting, Contextual Advertising, Demographic Advertising, Premium Advertising, Psychographic Advertising, Remnant Advertising