Praxis 5362 Foundations of Language Learning Test Prep Questions and Answers

Accuracy the correct decoding and recognition of words Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Acquisition is the unconscious process of making meaning of language through repeated exposure. Learning is the conscious process developing skills through formal instruction in grammar and syntax. Advanced Fluency Achieved cognitive language proficiency in target language Affective Filter Hypothesis a number of emotional factors contribute to the acquisition of a second language: self-confidence exert significant influence on the ability to internalize vocabulary and grammatical rules Audiolingual Method relies on repetition of structural patterns; grammar is typically taught inductively, meaning students are informed of the rules of grammar after they have intuitively learned proper expression; new material is typically presented in a dialogue format and essential linguistic structures and skills are placed in a set sequence automaticity the combination of exceptional accuracy and a rapid rate of reading B.F. Skinner and Behaviorist Theory the more frequently students are exposed to language, the more readily they will grasp and adopt it Basic Concepts of Print Clay; 1. meaning of print 2. direction of text 3. letter, word, and sentence representation 4. book orientation Basic orientations for teaching ESL Structural/Linguistic: based on comparisons between the structures of different languages; isolate grammatical and syntactic elements in each language and teach in a prescribed sequence Cognitive: entail objectives that enable the student to make generalizations about the rules of English; emphasis on individual learning style Affective/Motivational: emphasizes the predispositions of the student that can enhance or inhibit learning Functional/Communicative: involves selecting language structures on the basis of their utility in achieving a communicative purpose Behaviorist Model Skinner; individuals learn language as a direct response to stimuli