UNE Biochem FINAL Questions & Answers 100% Correct!

An individual goes to bed around 8 pm and doesn't wake up until 9 am the next morning. During this time, which of the following is the primary oxidizable substrate in the skeletal muscle? - ANSWERSFree fatty acids Under fasted conditions as described above, the skeletal muscle and liver would be oxidizing free fatty acids as a means of producing ATP. A well, 2-year-old girl presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral illness. Her parents report she has had bouts of vomiting and diarrhea over the last 24 hours. This morning they could barely wake her from her crib and she was very weak. Laboratory tests show low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and elevated liver enzymes. There are no ketones present in her urine. The child is hospitalized and glucose is administered by I.V. Additional laboratory analysis showed elevated medium-chain fatty acyl carnitines in blood and 6-8 carbon dicarboxylic acids in the urine. Which of the following abnormalities is the most likely diagnosis for this child? - ANSWERSDefect of medium-chain acyl-dehydrogenase This presentation is consistent with a deficiency in medium-chain acyl-dehydrogenase. The lack of ketones suggests a deficiency in β-oxidation and the presence of medium chain carnitines and dicarboxylic acids suggest products of omega-oxidation. The process of ketogenesis refers to the conversion of acetyl-CoA to which of the following compounds? - ANSWERSD-3-hydroxybutyrate or β-hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis is the process by which excess acetyl-CoA from β-oxidation is converted to the ketone bodies: D-3-hydroxybutyrate (β-hydroxybutyrate) and acetoacetate. During the fasted state, lipolysis is facilitated by the action of hormone sensitive lipase. This enzyme requires which of the following modifications for activation? - ANSWERSPhosphorylation Glucagon will increase levels of lipolysis through the phosphorylation and activation of hormone sensitive lipase. ATP can be generated by many metabolic pathways in the body. Which of the following processes generates the most ATP? - ANSWERSFatty acid β-oxidation 7 NADH, 7 FADH2 and 8 acetyl-CoA are all produced by β-oxidation of a C16 fatty acid. This will generate 108 mol ATP/ mol palmitate. Under fasting conditions (ratio of insulin to glucagon <1), elevated glucagon will activate whi