CHEM 1005 Final Exam Review Questions & Answers 100% Correct!

What is the role of adipose in metabolism? - ANSWERSStorage of triacylglycerols as a source of energy that can be released as FFAs under fasted state conditions; other roles include body weight homeostasis, coagulation, immunity, vascular tone control, appetite regulation, glucose/lipid metabolism, reproduction, angiogenesis what are the direct products of B-oxidation? - ANSWERSNADH + FADH2 (used in ETC to produce ATP), Acetyl CoA (substrate for ketogenesis, allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase) An 11-year old girl is brought to the emergency department by her father. He reports she has recently been very thirsty and needing to make frequent trips to the bathroom. At her soccer game today she complained of lightheadedness and that the symptoms did not resolve, even after drinking a power beverage. A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in her urine and further diagnostics are consistent with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Evaluation of this girl's liver would reveal an increased rate of which of the following processes? (FA synthesis, glycogenesis, glycolysis, ketogenesis, protein synthesis) - ANSWERSKetogenesis; The description here is of type 1 diabetes which is consistent with a loss of insulin production. Therefore, fasted state metabolic pathways would be highly active contributing to hyperglycemia and ketogenesis. The other pathways listed would be active in the fed state or when insulin is high A 5-year old female is brought to the emergency department by her mother. She is a type 1 diabetic and has not taken her insulin while away at a day camp. The child is unresponsive. Which of the following enzymes is phosphorylated and active under these conditions? - ANSWERSHormone sensitive lipase (Without insulin, glucagon will be primary hormone under these conditions = fasted state metabolism = fasted state enzymes all phosphorylated and active) A well, 2-year-old girl presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral illness. Her parents report she has had bouts of vomiting and diarrhea over the last 24 hours. This morning they could barely wake her from her crib and she was very weak. Laboratory tests show low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and elevated liver enzymes. There are no ketones present in her urine. The child is hospitalized and glucose is administered by I.V. Additional laboratory analysis showed elevated medium-chain fatty acyl carnitines in blood and 6-8 carbon dicarboxylic acids in the urine. Which of the following abnormalities is the most likely diagnosis for this child? - ANSWERSDefect of medium-chain acyl-dehydrogenase; This presentation is consistent with a deficiency in medium-chain acyl-dehydrogenase. The lack of ketones suggests a deficiency in β-oxidation and the