CEFM – NCC Exam 2024 with Guaranteed Accurate Answers

What are some important factors (risks) to consider when evaluating a fetal heart rate strip? - correct answer --*PNLs* (abnormal?) --weight gain/loss --Maternal age --*Gestational age* --*MATERNAL vital signs* --*Membrane status* --*Cervical exam* What are the easiest ways for assessment of maternal oxygenation status? - correct answer *Pulse Ox* (& other vital signs, RR) *Blood gas* (if indicated, asthma exacerbation) *Lung soungs* (pneumonia, pulmonary edema?) What effect can *HTN/Preeclampsia* have on the Placenta? - correct answer *VASOCONSTRICTION* which adversely effects placental perfusion and can lead to: --*IUGR* --*Infarcts* (decreases functional area of the placenta & functional capacity) Placental Infarcts - correct answer - Necrosis of placental villi - Anechoic or Hypoechoic areas in placenta Placental infarcts will do what to the placental function? - correct answer *DECREASE functional area* of placenta *DECREASE functional capacity* What effect can *Diabetes* have on Placental perfusion? - correct answer Secondary to *Maternal Vasculopathy* & HYPERglycemia* this can lead to: *reduced utero-placental perfusion* = *IUGR* What can change for fetal energy demands when you have a "DIABETIC mother" uncontrolled and there is *Fetal HYPERglycemia & HYPERinsulinemia*? - correct answer Fetal hyperglycemia & hyperinsulinemia can cause: *Increased fetal O2 consumption* which may induce *fetal hypoxemia & acidosis* if the O2 needs of the fetus are not met by the placenta. What are some common conditions which could lead to a *POOR maternal Oxygenation status*? - correct answer Respiratory DEPRESSION (*Meds or Seizure*) *Pulmonary EMBOLISM* *Pneumonia* *Asthma* *Atelectasis* ARDS *Smoking* *ANEMIA* What are some examples of *collagen-vascular diseases*? HOw does these effect pregnancy? - correct answer *Rheumatoid arthritis* *Scleroderma* *SLE* (lupus) = maternal *vasocontriction* which can lead to interruptions in placental & uterine blood flow --'IUGR' What fetal cardiac condition may you see in a mother with *SLE* (systemic lupus erythematosis)? - correct answer *Secondary Heart BLOCK* *Renal disease* (CKD, etc.) could cause what? - correct answer *Maternal VASOCONSTRICTION* = maternal *vasocontriction* which can lead to interruptions in placental & uterine blood flow --'IUGR' *Thyroid Disease* could cause what? - correct answer *Maternal VASOCONSTRICTION* = maternal *vasocontriction* which can lead to interruptions in placental & uterine blood flow --'IUGR' What is the concern with *cardiac disease* in expectant mothers? - correct answer Cardiac disease ----> impaired cardiac function or even cardiac failure ---> *Decrease cardiac output* ----> decreased blood flow/oxygen flow through placenta IUGR, etc. What are some common causes of *Maternal HYPOTENSION*? - correct answer *Supine hypotension* of pregnancy *VASODILATION* 2/2 epidural This will *DECREASE O2 & blood flow through the placenta*. What are the *Maternal* 'EXTRINSIC factors' which effect delivery of bloos & availability of blood/O2 through placenta? - correct answer 1. *Maternal Oxygen status* --fetus relies on the ability of mother to be well-oxygenated Anything that interferes with maternal oxygenation has the potential to compromise the fetus. 2. *Maternal HEMOGLOBIN levels* O2 is rele