EXAM 2: Acute Renal Failure (ARF),
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). Which question
is most important for the nurse to ask during the admission interview?
4. "What over-the-counter medications do you take regularly?" - Answer-4. Medications
such as nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
some herbal remedies are nephrotoxic;
therefore, asking about medications is
appropriate.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with ARF. Which laboratory values are most
significant for diagnosing ARF?
1. BUN and creatinine. - Answer-1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect the balance
between the production and excretion of urea from the kidneys. Creatinine is the
laboratory value most significant in diagnosing renal failure.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out ARF. Which condition
predisposes the client to developing prerenal failure?
2. Hypotension. - Answer-2. Hypotension, which causes a decreased
blood supply to the kidney, is one of the
most common causes of prerenal failure
(before the kidney).
The client is diagnosed with ARF. Which signs/symptoms indicate to the nurse the client
is in the recovery period? Select all that apply.
1. Increased alertness and no seizure activity.
2. Increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
3. Denial of nausea and vomiting. - Answer-1. In the recovery period, the client is alert
and has no seizure activity.
2. An increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit indicates the client is in the recovery
period.
3. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are
common in the client with ARF.
The client diagnosed with ARF has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which
collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate for the client?
, 4. Prepare the client for dialysis. - Answer-4. A level of 6.8 mEq/L is life threatening and
could lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, the client may be dialyzed to decrease
the potassium
level quickly.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with ARF. Which
statement is an appropriate outcome for the client?
3. Electrolytes are within normal limits. - Answer-3. Renal failure causes an imbalance
of electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus). Therefore, the desired client
outcome is electrolytes within normal limits.
The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the intensive care unit and placed on a
therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for the client?
3. A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet. - Answer-3. Carbohydrates are
increased to provide for the client's caloric intake and protein is restricted to minimize
protein breakdown and to prevent accumulation of toxic waste products.
The client diagnosed with ARF is placed on bedrest. The client asks the nurse, "Why do
I have to stay in bed? I don't feel bad." Which scientific rationale supports the nurse's
response?
2. Bedrest reduces metabolic rate in the acute stage. - Answer-2. Bedrest reduces
exertion and the metabolic rate, thereby reducing catabolism and subsequent release of
potassium and accumulation of
endogenous waste products (urea and
creatinine).
The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are caring for clients on a
medical floor. Which nursing task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate?
1. Collect a clean voided midstream urine specimen. - Answer-1. The UAP can collect
specimens. Collecting a midstream urine specimen requires the client to clean the
perineal area, to urinate a little, and then collect the rest of the urine output in a sterile
container.
The client is admitted to the emergency department after a gunshot to the abdomen.
Which intervention should the nurse implement first to prevent ARF?
1. Administer normal saline IV. - Answer-1. Preventing and treating shock with blood
and fluid replacement will prevent acute renal failure from hypoperfusion of the kidneys.
Significant blood loss is expected in the client with a gunshot wound.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). Which question
is most important for the nurse to ask during the admission interview?
4. "What over-the-counter medications do you take regularly?" - Answer-4. Medications
such as nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
some herbal remedies are nephrotoxic;
therefore, asking about medications is
appropriate.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with ARF. Which laboratory values are most
significant for diagnosing ARF?
1. BUN and creatinine. - Answer-1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect the balance
between the production and excretion of urea from the kidneys. Creatinine is the
laboratory value most significant in diagnosing renal failure.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out ARF. Which condition
predisposes the client to developing prerenal failure?
2. Hypotension. - Answer-2. Hypotension, which causes a decreased
blood supply to the kidney, is one of the
most common causes of prerenal failure
(before the kidney).
The client is diagnosed with ARF. Which signs/symptoms indicate to the nurse the client
is in the recovery period? Select all that apply.
1. Increased alertness and no seizure activity.
2. Increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
3. Denial of nausea and vomiting. - Answer-1. In the recovery period, the client is alert
and has no seizure activity.
2. An increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit indicates the client is in the recovery
period.
3. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are
common in the client with ARF.
The client diagnosed with ARF has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which
collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate for the client?
, 4. Prepare the client for dialysis. - Answer-4. A level of 6.8 mEq/L is life threatening and
could lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, the client may be dialyzed to decrease
the potassium
level quickly.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with ARF. Which
statement is an appropriate outcome for the client?
3. Electrolytes are within normal limits. - Answer-3. Renal failure causes an imbalance
of electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus). Therefore, the desired client
outcome is electrolytes within normal limits.
The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the intensive care unit and placed on a
therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for the client?
3. A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet. - Answer-3. Carbohydrates are
increased to provide for the client's caloric intake and protein is restricted to minimize
protein breakdown and to prevent accumulation of toxic waste products.
The client diagnosed with ARF is placed on bedrest. The client asks the nurse, "Why do
I have to stay in bed? I don't feel bad." Which scientific rationale supports the nurse's
response?
2. Bedrest reduces metabolic rate in the acute stage. - Answer-2. Bedrest reduces
exertion and the metabolic rate, thereby reducing catabolism and subsequent release of
potassium and accumulation of
endogenous waste products (urea and
creatinine).
The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are caring for clients on a
medical floor. Which nursing task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate?
1. Collect a clean voided midstream urine specimen. - Answer-1. The UAP can collect
specimens. Collecting a midstream urine specimen requires the client to clean the
perineal area, to urinate a little, and then collect the rest of the urine output in a sterile
container.
The client is admitted to the emergency department after a gunshot to the abdomen.
Which intervention should the nurse implement first to prevent ARF?
1. Administer normal saline IV. - Answer-1. Preventing and treating shock with blood
and fluid replacement will prevent acute renal failure from hypoperfusion of the kidneys.
Significant blood loss is expected in the client with a gunshot wound.
