AMPP CIP LEVEL 1 - Basic Coating
Inspector Theory
What are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)? - answer Chemicals that easily
evaporate at room temperature.
What are solvents? - answer Substances that dissolve other substances to form a
solution.
Why can solvents in coatings be harmful? - answer Because they can release VOCs
into the air.
What are some examples of solvents used in coatings? - answer Acetone, toluene,
xylene, and ethyl acetate.
What are three commonly used galvanic anodes for carbon steel? - answer Zinc,
Aluminum, and Magnesium
What is the effect of temperature on corrosion rate? - answer Decrease in
temperature decreases corrosion rate.
What is an electrolyte? - answer A medium that carries ionic current.
What is sacrificial coating? - answer A type of coating that becomes the anode of an
electrochemical cell.
What is the role of binders in coating? - answer Binders form a stable film that
retains its properties.
What is a barrier coating? - answer A coating that interrupts the electrolyte of an
electrochemical cell.
What are two environments most susceptible to corrosion? - answer Marine
Environment, Chemical with High Humidity Environment
What is the direction of electron flow in an oxidation reaction? - answer From the
anode to the cathode through the metallic path.
,What is the role of binders? - answer Binders bonds pigments together and adhere
to surface.
What are solvents? - answer Solvents are liquids that dissolve the solid resins.
What is the purpose of pigments? - answer Pigments hide the substrates, provide
decorative color, and enhance desired properties.
What are additives? - answer Additives are special purpose ingredients used to
enhance the performance.
What are vehicles? - answer Vehicles are the liquid portions of the coating.
What is corrosion? - answer Deterioration of metal or alloy due to electrochemical
reaction.
What is passivation? - answer Layer of oxides on metal surface for corrosion
protection.
Give an example of a metal that undergoes passivation. - answer Stainless steel
What is an anode? - answer The electrode where oxidation occurs.
What is a cathode? - answer The electrode where reduction occurs.
What is a metallic pathway? - answer The conductive path for electrons to flow.
What are electrolytes? - answer Substances that conduct electricity when dissolved
in water.
What is the function of an electrolyte in corrosion? - answer Allows passage of ions
in corrosion cell.
What is the function of a metallic pathway in corrosion? - answer Allows flow of
electrons in corrosion cell.
What is the galvanic series? - answer Listing of metals in order of reactivity.
What is the general rule of the galvanic series? - answer Less noble metal
connected to a more noble metal will corrode preferentially.
What is localized corrosion? - answer Corrosion that occurs in specific areas.
What are the types of localized corrosion? - answer Pitting and crevice corrosion.
,Why is localized corrosion concerning? - answer Damage is concentrated and can
lead to structural failure.
What is general corrosion? - answer Uniform loss of material over entire surface.
How does general corrosion affect the surface? - answer Results in general thinning
of affected surface.
Is general corrosion easy to inspect? - answer Yes, it is relatively easy to inspect.
Does general corrosion cause catastrophic failure? - answer No, it does not cause
catastrophic failure.
What is inorganic convertible thermosetting? - answer Coating that undergoes
irreversible chemical changes upon curing.
What is inorganic non-convertible thermoplastic? - answer Coating that softens upon
heating and hardens upon cooling.
What are the primary components of a liquid applied coating? - answer Pigments
and Vehicle (Resin or Binder and Solvent)
What is a sacrificial coating system? - answer A coating system where a more active
metal is applied over a less active metal to act as an anode and protect the underlying
metal.
Why is inorganic zinc commonly used as a sacrificial coating over mild steel? - answer
Zinc is more active than steel, so it becomes the anode and protects the steel from
corrosion.
What is the purpose of a barrier coating? - answer To create a physical barrier
between the metal surface and the corrosive environment, preventing direct contact and
corrosion.
What is an inhibitive coating? - answer A coating that releases corrosion inhibitors to
slow down or prevent corrosion on the metal surface.
How does a sacrificial coating provide corrosion control? - answer By using a more
active metal as the coating, it sacrificially corrodes instead of the underlying metal,
protecting it from corrosion.
What does a well-written coating specification provide? - answer Clear
understanding of project expectations.
Where can an inspector find the procedure for mixing a specified coating? - answer
Product data sheet (PDS).
, What is a product data sheet (PDS)? - answer Document from manufacturers with
valuable product information.
What information does a safety data sheet (SDS) provide? - answer Chemical
hazards and safety precautions.
What does a specification document tell the contractor? - answer What and where to
do, not how to do it.
What is a standard? - answer Formal document providing guidance for technical
procedures.
What is an Inspection Test Plan (ITP)? - answer Quality control tool for ensuring
specified requirements are met.
What is surface temperature? - answer Temperature of the surface being coated.
How does temperature affect solvents? - answer Affects evaporation time and curing
rates, leading to defects.
What is the minimum and maximum surface temperature for coating? - answer
Minimum: 40°F (5°C), Maximum: 125°F (40°C).
What should be the substrate temperature for coating application? - answer At least
3°C or 5°F above the dew point temperature.
What are the effects of high air temperature? - answer Shorter pot life, shorter
induction time, and lower viscosity.
What are the effects of high air temperature? - answer Longer cure time, reduced re-
coat window, potential re-rusting, and wrinkling of the coating.
What are the effects of low air temperature? - answer Longer pot life, longer
induction time, and higher viscosity.
What are the effects of low air temperature? - answer Amine blush (bloom) and
adhesion issues.
What is Relative Humidity (RH)? - answer Amount of water vapor in the air
compared to maximum.
What is Saturation? - answer When air contains maximum moisture and
condensation forms.
Inspector Theory
What are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)? - answer Chemicals that easily
evaporate at room temperature.
What are solvents? - answer Substances that dissolve other substances to form a
solution.
Why can solvents in coatings be harmful? - answer Because they can release VOCs
into the air.
What are some examples of solvents used in coatings? - answer Acetone, toluene,
xylene, and ethyl acetate.
What are three commonly used galvanic anodes for carbon steel? - answer Zinc,
Aluminum, and Magnesium
What is the effect of temperature on corrosion rate? - answer Decrease in
temperature decreases corrosion rate.
What is an electrolyte? - answer A medium that carries ionic current.
What is sacrificial coating? - answer A type of coating that becomes the anode of an
electrochemical cell.
What is the role of binders in coating? - answer Binders form a stable film that
retains its properties.
What is a barrier coating? - answer A coating that interrupts the electrolyte of an
electrochemical cell.
What are two environments most susceptible to corrosion? - answer Marine
Environment, Chemical with High Humidity Environment
What is the direction of electron flow in an oxidation reaction? - answer From the
anode to the cathode through the metallic path.
,What is the role of binders? - answer Binders bonds pigments together and adhere
to surface.
What are solvents? - answer Solvents are liquids that dissolve the solid resins.
What is the purpose of pigments? - answer Pigments hide the substrates, provide
decorative color, and enhance desired properties.
What are additives? - answer Additives are special purpose ingredients used to
enhance the performance.
What are vehicles? - answer Vehicles are the liquid portions of the coating.
What is corrosion? - answer Deterioration of metal or alloy due to electrochemical
reaction.
What is passivation? - answer Layer of oxides on metal surface for corrosion
protection.
Give an example of a metal that undergoes passivation. - answer Stainless steel
What is an anode? - answer The electrode where oxidation occurs.
What is a cathode? - answer The electrode where reduction occurs.
What is a metallic pathway? - answer The conductive path for electrons to flow.
What are electrolytes? - answer Substances that conduct electricity when dissolved
in water.
What is the function of an electrolyte in corrosion? - answer Allows passage of ions
in corrosion cell.
What is the function of a metallic pathway in corrosion? - answer Allows flow of
electrons in corrosion cell.
What is the galvanic series? - answer Listing of metals in order of reactivity.
What is the general rule of the galvanic series? - answer Less noble metal
connected to a more noble metal will corrode preferentially.
What is localized corrosion? - answer Corrosion that occurs in specific areas.
What are the types of localized corrosion? - answer Pitting and crevice corrosion.
,Why is localized corrosion concerning? - answer Damage is concentrated and can
lead to structural failure.
What is general corrosion? - answer Uniform loss of material over entire surface.
How does general corrosion affect the surface? - answer Results in general thinning
of affected surface.
Is general corrosion easy to inspect? - answer Yes, it is relatively easy to inspect.
Does general corrosion cause catastrophic failure? - answer No, it does not cause
catastrophic failure.
What is inorganic convertible thermosetting? - answer Coating that undergoes
irreversible chemical changes upon curing.
What is inorganic non-convertible thermoplastic? - answer Coating that softens upon
heating and hardens upon cooling.
What are the primary components of a liquid applied coating? - answer Pigments
and Vehicle (Resin or Binder and Solvent)
What is a sacrificial coating system? - answer A coating system where a more active
metal is applied over a less active metal to act as an anode and protect the underlying
metal.
Why is inorganic zinc commonly used as a sacrificial coating over mild steel? - answer
Zinc is more active than steel, so it becomes the anode and protects the steel from
corrosion.
What is the purpose of a barrier coating? - answer To create a physical barrier
between the metal surface and the corrosive environment, preventing direct contact and
corrosion.
What is an inhibitive coating? - answer A coating that releases corrosion inhibitors to
slow down or prevent corrosion on the metal surface.
How does a sacrificial coating provide corrosion control? - answer By using a more
active metal as the coating, it sacrificially corrodes instead of the underlying metal,
protecting it from corrosion.
What does a well-written coating specification provide? - answer Clear
understanding of project expectations.
Where can an inspector find the procedure for mixing a specified coating? - answer
Product data sheet (PDS).
, What is a product data sheet (PDS)? - answer Document from manufacturers with
valuable product information.
What information does a safety data sheet (SDS) provide? - answer Chemical
hazards and safety precautions.
What does a specification document tell the contractor? - answer What and where to
do, not how to do it.
What is a standard? - answer Formal document providing guidance for technical
procedures.
What is an Inspection Test Plan (ITP)? - answer Quality control tool for ensuring
specified requirements are met.
What is surface temperature? - answer Temperature of the surface being coated.
How does temperature affect solvents? - answer Affects evaporation time and curing
rates, leading to defects.
What is the minimum and maximum surface temperature for coating? - answer
Minimum: 40°F (5°C), Maximum: 125°F (40°C).
What should be the substrate temperature for coating application? - answer At least
3°C or 5°F above the dew point temperature.
What are the effects of high air temperature? - answer Shorter pot life, shorter
induction time, and lower viscosity.
What are the effects of high air temperature? - answer Longer cure time, reduced re-
coat window, potential re-rusting, and wrinkling of the coating.
What are the effects of low air temperature? - answer Longer pot life, longer
induction time, and higher viscosity.
What are the effects of low air temperature? - answer Amine blush (bloom) and
adhesion issues.
What is Relative Humidity (RH)? - answer Amount of water vapor in the air
compared to maximum.
What is Saturation? - answer When air contains maximum moisture and
condensation forms.
