BIOS 255 Week 5 Virtual Lab: Introduction to Immunology Part I, Part II

BIOS 255 Week 5 Virtual Lab: Introduction to Immunology Part I, Part II Week 5 Immune System Learning Objectives: 1. Distinguish innate immunity from adaptive immunity. a to the body's ability to defend itself against disease and infection. Immunity can be categorized into two different forms: innate or adaptive. We will explore the 2 types of defenses and learn about inflammation. Our lab challenge will take a look at how we perform test for exposure and immunity to pathogens. Assignment: Part 1 Complete the activities in Anatomy.TV on the Lymphatic and Immune system: Principles of Immunity, Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity, Antibody-Mediated Immune Response, Cell- mediated Immune Response and Immunologic memory. These will help prepare you for the Labster Virtual Introduction to Immunology: Explore the immune system and save the world simulation. Are you ready to save the world? To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose assigned system>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. Part 2 Complete the lab report. Immunology Lab Report 1. Purpose: Please state the purpose of the lab. to understand and explain the functions of the lymphatic and immune systems and the functions they play 2. Procedure: Briefly describe the procedure for this lab. labster, anatomy tv, ppt lecture Briefly describe what you were asked to do in the virtual lab challenges. Explore immune system as if we were a pathogen 3. Data and Details: a. Describe components of the immune system by completing the following chart: Description/Function Innate immunity physical and chemical barriers, born with this, it is nonspecific to attacking pathogens, EX: Skin, mucous membranes, NK cells, phagocytes Adaptive immunity Immunity that is acquired overtime, cell mediated immunity (t cells) and antibody mediated immunity (b cells) IgG Most abundant antibody, only antibody that can cross placenta to protect newborn and through breast feeding. Exposed to the same type of virus/cell can lead to an increase in abundance to a second exposer IgM B-cell mediated immunity (prior to sufficient IgG). Forms anti-A and anti-B receptors of the ABO blood group system. Found in blood and lymph. Triggers the complement system= agglutination, and lysis of microbes. IgA Found in secretion of saliva, mucus, and tears. Levels decrease during stress, increasing chances of infection. Provides localized protection against infection IgE Responsible for allergic reaction = most powerful reaction, found in blood and lymph. Triggers the complement system binds to allergens and triggers histamines release from mast cells and basophils. Protects against parasite worms Thymus Precursor T-cells develop, differentiae, and multiply, as well as gaining their antigens specify and immune tolerance to the body’s own tissue b. Antibody detected Sample 1 Sample 3 Sample 7 Sample 8 IgM - + - + IgG + + - - 4. Questions: a. What is the primary mode by which a macrophage engulfs pathogens? Phagocytosis (chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion; killing off) b. What is a major functional difference between B cells and T cells? B Cells: differentiate into antibody producing plasma cells. T Helper Cells: immune cells which produce interleukins to enhance stimulation of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells: kill cancer cells, cells that are infected, or cells that are damaged in other ways. c. Interpret the results of Samples 1, 3, 7, and 8. What do the results indicate regarding the current state of illness and immunity? Consider the significance of the presence of IgM and/or IgG. Utilize the chart to answer: Evidence of current exposure/infection? (yes or no) Evidence of previous exposure only with no current infection? (yes or no) Sample 1 No Yes Sample 3 Yes Yes Sample 7 No No Sample 8 Yes…maybe Needs to be retested but has a current exposure but no d. Macrophages play an important role in creating an inflammatory condition to promote pathogen clearance and wound healing. The cells achieve this by manufacturing and secreting a range of chemotactic (“cell recruiting”) and vasodilatory factors. State 4 signs of inflammation that may result. Fever, pain, swelling, redness 5. Discussion: a. Discuss the benefit of vaccinations. Lowers/eliminates your bodies immune system to an exposure of a certain illness, disease. It allows for your body to create antibodies to fight of certain illness. We can see in the lab that over the course of 40 years the cases of illness diminish because we have accessibility to vaccines. b. Briefly mention any difficulties with the lab and/or information you wish was present in the lab. None, the lab was VERY thorough and realistic. 6. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this lab. How we can view the significance of IgM and IgG. If IgG is detected that would imply the patient was previously exposed/infected to something. If IgM is detected it would indicate that the patient is currently exposed to ex: the flu… I also learned the importance of microphages and specific cells that exist within the body’s immune system. Macrophages are needed to recognize and destroy specific target cells. Our body’s also have specific cells that also support in the bodies immunity. Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity Deliverable Point s Part 1 Complete lab activities/simulation 10 Part 2 Complete lab report and answer questions • Purpose (2 points) • Procedure (2 points) • Data and Details (5 points) • Questions (4 points) • Discussion (2 points) • Reflection (5 points) 20 Total Complete all lab activities 30