CISB Exam 1 (2024) Questions With 100% Solved Answers!!

Expansion card - ANS An electronic circuit board that fits into a slot on your motherboard expanding the capabilities of your computer. i.e.: video card, internal modem, sound card. Port - ANS Ports are exterior connectors that enable you to plug in external hardware devices. Ports are attached to a bus on the motherboard so that devices plugged into each port can communicate with the CPU and other computer component Microcode - ANS The CPU breaks down a machine-level instruction into smaller instructions Multiprocessing - ANS when two or more CPUs located on a single computer work on separate jobs at the same time. Parallel processing - ANS when two or more CPUs work on one job simultaneously to finish it sooner. ALU - ANS performs arithmetic and logical operations by controlled unit Control unit - ANS charge of the entire process making sure everything happens at the right time Internal cache - ANS stores data and instructions before and during processing Bus interface unit - ANS the place where data and instructions enter or leave the core What is a dual-core CPU? - ANS A CPU with two cores is a dual-core CPU. CPUs with many cores are multi-core CPUs. Multi-core CPUs allow computers to work on more than one task at a time. What is a clock cycle? How is it measured? Why does a higher clock cycle result in faster processing? - ANS Clock speed is how fast the CPU processes program instructions. Clock speed is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) List five ways to improve the speed of a computer. - ANS -Add more memory (RAM) -Remove unnecessary programs from your hard drive =Empty the recycle bin -Perform a disk defragmentation -Store large files (video, music, photos) on secondary storage instead of hard drive. -Upgrade your hard drive capacity -Limit the number of programs that start up automatically when your computer is turned on. -Scan your computer for viruses or spyware on a regular basis -Upgrade your video graphics card -Upgrade your Internet connection (DSL, cable) 'What are the two parts of every storage system? - ANS -Storage devices that write data and programs onto, and read from, storage media. -Storage media that contains the permanently stored data (hard disk, CD, DVD). How do magnetic disks represent 0s and 1s? - ANS Magnetic disks represent bits by aligning magnetic particles How do hard disks organize data? - ANS -Tracks are concentric paths on the disk where data is recorded -Sectors are small pieces of a track -Clusters consist of one or more sectors, smallest addressable area of a disk -Cylinders are a collection of tracks located in the same location on a set of hard disk surfaces What three factors determine the speed at which hard disks read or write data? - ANS - Seek time: the time it takes to move the read/write head over a specific track -Rotational delay: the time it takes to rotate the hard disk so that the read/write head is over a specific sector -Data movement time: the time it takes for the data to move from the hard disk to RAM (if reading data) or vice versa (if saving data) How do CDs and DVDs represent 0s and 1s? - ANS Optical read-only memory (ROM) discs represent 0s and 1s by using lasers to burn tiny depressions (pits) onto some areas of the disc and leaving other areas unchanged. What is the storage capacity of CDs and DVDs? - ANS Standard CDs have a storage capacity of 650 or 700 MB, while standard DVDs can hold 4.7 GB (single-layer discs) or 8.5 GB (dual-layer discs) Seek time - ANS the time it takes to move the read/write head over a specific track Rotational delay - ANS the time it takes to rotate the hard disk so that the read/write head is over a specific sector Data movement time - ANS the time it takes for the data to move from the hard disk to RAM (if reading data) or vice versa (if saving data) Partitioning - ANS Partitioning a hard drive allows you to put two operating systems on your computer—one on each partition. Remote storage - ANS are not connected to the user's PC; instead the storage device is accessed through a local network or the Internet NAS - ANS is connected to a network through a wired or wireless connection. A NAS typically has between two to eight hard drives to provide a large amount of storage to small and medium sized companies SAN - ANS is a separate network of hard drives or other storage devices that provide a vast amount of storage to large companies Storage server - ANS consist of separate network of hard drives or other storage devices that are attached to the main network Smart card - ANS a credit card-sized piece of plastic that contains some computer circuitry (processor, memory, and storage) RAID - ANS is a method of storing data on two or more hard drives that work together to record redundant copies What is the primary purpose of an input device? output device? - ANS -An input device converts data that humans can understand into a form (0s and 1s) that the computer can process. -An output device converts machine language (0s and 1s) into a form that people can understand. Define screen resolution - ANS the quality of the screen image. Resolution is measured by columns and rows of pixels Define pixel. How do pixels create images? - ANS A pixel is a very small area (dot) on the computer screen that displays a color. When thousands of colored dots are arranged together, it creates an image on the monitor. What is the purpose of a video card? - ANS Video cards can be purchased and installed inside a desktop computer to upgrade the computer's video capabilities. What display characteristics does the video card determine? - ANS -Available screen resolutions -The number of bits used to store color information for each pixel -The total number of colors used to display images -The number of monitors that can be connected to the computer -The type of connectors that can be used to connect a monitor to a computer -Most video cards contain their own memory (called video RAM or VRAM) to help in processing graphic output How is the print resolution of printers measured? - ANS Measured in dots per inch (dpi). The greater the print resolution, the better the quality of the printout. Print resolution ranges from 300 dpi for low-end personal printers to 2,400 dpi for professional business applications.