IB Sports Science Final Exam Review

Inferior - ANS Below Superior - ANS Above Proximal - ANS Nearer to where a limb attaches to the body Distal - ANS Further away from where a limb attaches to the body Posterior - ANS Behind/ nearer the back Anterior - ANS In front or nearer the front Internal - ANS Located inside/ further away from the surface External - ANS Located on or near the surface Lateral - ANS Further away from the midline of the body Medial - ANS Closer to the mid-line of the body 6 Functions of Skeleton - ANS 1. Protection of vital organs 2. Support of posture 3. Attachment for muscles 4. stores mineral like calcium and phosphorus 5. blood cell production 6. storage of energy 2 parts of the skeletal system - ANS Axial and appendicular Bones that axial skeleton include - ANS Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column Bones that appendicular skeleton include - ANS Everything else. Femur, ulna, radius, etc Total number of vertebrae - ANS 33 Total number of cervical vertebrae - ANS 7 Cervical vertebrae is located - ANS at the very top Total number of thoractic vertebrae - ANS 12 Thoractic vertebrae is located - ANS below the cervical vert. Total number of lumbar vertebrae - ANS 5 Location of lumbar vertebrae - ANS below thoractic. 3rd Total number of sacral vertebrae - ANS 5 Location of sacral vertebrae - ANS Below lumbar Total number of coccygeal vertebrae - ANS 4 Location of coccygeal vertebrae - ANS At very botton below the sacral Order of vertebrae - ANS Cervical, thoractic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal Located between each vertebrae is - ANS an intervertebral disk Total number of PAIRS of ribs - ANS 12 True ribs - ANS First 7 ribs False ribs - ANS ribs 8, 9, and 10 Floating ribs - ANS Ribs 11 and 12 Long bones - ANS Enlarged at both ends Long bone example - ANS femur, metatarsals Short bones - ANS Small and cube shaped Examples of short bones - ANS Carpals and tarsals Flat bones - ANS Curved surfaces that provide tension Examples of flat bones - ANS Sternum, scapula, ribs, and pelvis Irregular bones - ANS Irregular shapes Examples of irregular bones - ANS vertebrae Top of a long bone name - ANS Proximal epiphysis Middle of a long bone name - ANS Diaphysis Bottom of a long bone name - ANS Distal epiphysis Outer layer of bone name - ANS Periosteum Red marrow storage is located - ANS in spongy bone Yellow marrow is located in - ANS the Diaphysis Types of joints - ANS Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints Fibrous joints definition - ANS thin layer of fibrous tissue. no movement is allowed Fibrous joints example - ANS Between the sutures in the skull Cartilaginous joints definition - ANS Bones separated by a fibrocartilage disc or a thick layer of hyaline cartilage Example of Cartilaginous joints - ANS Connecting sternum to ribs Synovial joints - ANS They have space between the joints, Cartalidge attaches joints, articular capsule surrounds the joint, etc. Most common type of joint