MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
A researcher is at an institution that is a covered entity and received federal funding for research.
Which set of regulations applies to the researcher? Both HIPAA and the Common Rule apply
to this
researcher. Any state regulations that may be more stringent may also apply.
Abstract
Alternative hypothesis
Applied research
Basic research
Big data, and how it is applied to healthcare and informatics
Bivariate
Case study
Case-control (retrospective) study
Categorical data
Causal relationship
Causal-comparative research
Census sampling
Common rule
Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
Confidence interval (CI)
Confidence limit
Confounding (extraneous, secondary) variable
Construct validity
Content analysis
Content validity
Continuous data
Control group
Convenience sampling
Correlation research
Coverage error
Covert observation
Cross-sectional study
Data cleansing
Data mining
Data mining and HIPPA violation within the use of data mining
Data Mining Concepts Bagging:
Boosting:
Data reduction:
Drill down:
EDA:
Feature selection:
Machine learning:
meta-learning:
Predictive:
Stacking:
Data mining models/ methods: (CRISP-DDM. Six sigma, SEMMA)
Deductive reasoning
,MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
Dependent variable
Descriptive (summary) statistics
Descriptive research
Discrete data
Double-blind study
Effect size
Empiricism
Ethnography
Evaluation research
Experimental (study) group
Experimental research
Exploratory data analysis (EDA and data mining through "knowledge discovery" (KDD)
External validity
Focus group
Focused study
Generalizability
Grounded theory
Health services research
Health technology assessment
Heterogeneity
Historical research
How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ? Descriptive (summary) statistics describe the
data
through techniques such as means, frequency distributions, and variations. Inferential statistics
allow the
researchers to make inferences about the population
characteristics (parameters) based on the characteristics
of the sample.
How do independent variables and dependent variables differ? The independent variable
causes an effect in the dependent variable.
How do inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning differ? Inductive reasoning involves
creating conclusions based
on a limited number of observations; deductive reasoning involves creating conclusions based on
generalizations. Therefore, induction begins with the specific and
deduction begins with the general.
How do public databases and proprietary databases differ? Public databases are in the public
domain (freely available), while proprietary databases are the property of an
entity (access requires permission).
How do researchers use key terms (MeSH headings)? Researchers use key terms (MeSH
headings) to identify
journal articles related to their topic.
How do the research findings and discussion sections differ? First, they should consider
that they should present the
element in only one mode (narrative, table, or figure).
Second, they should consider which mode would be most
meaningful and understandable to the reader.
,MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
How does quasi-experimental research differ from experimental research? Quasi-experimental
(for example, causal-comparative
research) lacks random assignment to a group and
manipulation of treatment.
How does the phrase "keep it simple" apply to theories? The "best" theories are often the
simplest theories.
How many variables do bivariate statistical techniques involve? Bivariate statistical
techniques involve two variables.
Hypothesis
If researchers wanted to establish that a new drug caused a reduction in blood pressure, which
research method would they choose? If researchers wanted to establish that a new drug causes a
reduction in blood pressure, they would choose an experiment (randomized clinical trial or
double-blind study).
Examples include the pretest-posttest control group
method, the Solomon four-group method, and the posttest-only control group method.
If researchers wanted to investigate the impact of changes in Medicare reimbursement on a
region's healthcare, which method would they choose? If researchers wanted to investigate
the impact of
changes in Medicare reimbursement on a region's
healthcare, they would most likely choose to use the
case study method.
If the researcher believes that the treatment increases output, would he or she write a one-tailed
or a two-tailed hypothesis? If the researcher believes that the treatment increases
output, the researcher would write a one-tailed
hypothesis.
Imputation
In a double-blind study, who knows which subjects are in the study group and which subjects are
in the control group? In a double-blind study, administrative assistants or
researchers removed from the study know which subjects are in the study group. Neither the
participants
nor the researchers directly conducting the study know
which subjects are in the study control.
In questions 3 through 7, what common characteristic determined the researchers' choice of
method? The common characteristic that determined the researchers' choice of method in
questions 3 through 7 was purpose
(or definition of the question or problem).
In the review of the literature, what information about key studies should readers expect? In the
review of the literature, readers should expect
information about the study's design, time frame,
method, sample, response rate, statistical techniques,
and findings.
In which hypothesis does the researcher state what he or she believes? The alternative
hypothesis states what the researcher believes.
Independent variable
Inductive reasoning
Inferential statistics
, MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
Institutional review board (IRB)
Instrument
Internal validity
Interrater reliability
Interval data
Intervention
Interview guide
Interview survey
Intrastate reliability
Level of significance
Likert scale
List five data sources, other than journal articles, that a researcher should consider when doing a
comprehensive search? Five data sources, other than journal articles, that
researchers should consider when doing a comprehensive search are videotapes, audiotapes,
websites, government reports, and statistical data (such as census
data, economic data, crime data, and Medicare data).
See figure 20.4 for more information.
Literature review
Longitudinal
Meta-analysis
Metric
Missing values
Mixed methods research
Model
Mortality (attrition)
Multivariate
Naturalism
Naturalistic study
Negative (inverse) relationship
Nominal data
Non participant observation
Nonparametric (distribution-free) technique
Nonrandom sampling
Null hypothesis
Observational research
One-tailed hypothesis
Operational definition
Operationalize
Ordinal data
Outcomes research
Paradigm
Parametric technique
Parsimony
Participant observation
Peer review
Peer-reviewed (refereed) journal
A researcher is at an institution that is a covered entity and received federal funding for research.
Which set of regulations applies to the researcher? Both HIPAA and the Common Rule apply
to this
researcher. Any state regulations that may be more stringent may also apply.
Abstract
Alternative hypothesis
Applied research
Basic research
Big data, and how it is applied to healthcare and informatics
Bivariate
Case study
Case-control (retrospective) study
Categorical data
Causal relationship
Causal-comparative research
Census sampling
Common rule
Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
Confidence interval (CI)
Confidence limit
Confounding (extraneous, secondary) variable
Construct validity
Content analysis
Content validity
Continuous data
Control group
Convenience sampling
Correlation research
Coverage error
Covert observation
Cross-sectional study
Data cleansing
Data mining
Data mining and HIPPA violation within the use of data mining
Data Mining Concepts Bagging:
Boosting:
Data reduction:
Drill down:
EDA:
Feature selection:
Machine learning:
meta-learning:
Predictive:
Stacking:
Data mining models/ methods: (CRISP-DDM. Six sigma, SEMMA)
Deductive reasoning
,MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
Dependent variable
Descriptive (summary) statistics
Descriptive research
Discrete data
Double-blind study
Effect size
Empiricism
Ethnography
Evaluation research
Experimental (study) group
Experimental research
Exploratory data analysis (EDA and data mining through "knowledge discovery" (KDD)
External validity
Focus group
Focused study
Generalizability
Grounded theory
Health services research
Health technology assessment
Heterogeneity
Historical research
How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ? Descriptive (summary) statistics describe the
data
through techniques such as means, frequency distributions, and variations. Inferential statistics
allow the
researchers to make inferences about the population
characteristics (parameters) based on the characteristics
of the sample.
How do independent variables and dependent variables differ? The independent variable
causes an effect in the dependent variable.
How do inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning differ? Inductive reasoning involves
creating conclusions based
on a limited number of observations; deductive reasoning involves creating conclusions based on
generalizations. Therefore, induction begins with the specific and
deduction begins with the general.
How do public databases and proprietary databases differ? Public databases are in the public
domain (freely available), while proprietary databases are the property of an
entity (access requires permission).
How do researchers use key terms (MeSH headings)? Researchers use key terms (MeSH
headings) to identify
journal articles related to their topic.
How do the research findings and discussion sections differ? First, they should consider
that they should present the
element in only one mode (narrative, table, or figure).
Second, they should consider which mode would be most
meaningful and understandable to the reader.
,MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
How does quasi-experimental research differ from experimental research? Quasi-experimental
(for example, causal-comparative
research) lacks random assignment to a group and
manipulation of treatment.
How does the phrase "keep it simple" apply to theories? The "best" theories are often the
simplest theories.
How many variables do bivariate statistical techniques involve? Bivariate statistical
techniques involve two variables.
Hypothesis
If researchers wanted to establish that a new drug caused a reduction in blood pressure, which
research method would they choose? If researchers wanted to establish that a new drug causes a
reduction in blood pressure, they would choose an experiment (randomized clinical trial or
double-blind study).
Examples include the pretest-posttest control group
method, the Solomon four-group method, and the posttest-only control group method.
If researchers wanted to investigate the impact of changes in Medicare reimbursement on a
region's healthcare, which method would they choose? If researchers wanted to investigate
the impact of
changes in Medicare reimbursement on a region's
healthcare, they would most likely choose to use the
case study method.
If the researcher believes that the treatment increases output, would he or she write a one-tailed
or a two-tailed hypothesis? If the researcher believes that the treatment increases
output, the researcher would write a one-tailed
hypothesis.
Imputation
In a double-blind study, who knows which subjects are in the study group and which subjects are
in the control group? In a double-blind study, administrative assistants or
researchers removed from the study know which subjects are in the study group. Neither the
participants
nor the researchers directly conducting the study know
which subjects are in the study control.
In questions 3 through 7, what common characteristic determined the researchers' choice of
method? The common characteristic that determined the researchers' choice of method in
questions 3 through 7 was purpose
(or definition of the question or problem).
In the review of the literature, what information about key studies should readers expect? In the
review of the literature, readers should expect
information about the study's design, time frame,
method, sample, response rate, statistical techniques,
and findings.
In which hypothesis does the researcher state what he or she believes? The alternative
hypothesis states what the researcher believes.
Independent variable
Inductive reasoning
Inferential statistics
, MHA 705 Module 5 Exam
Institutional review board (IRB)
Instrument
Internal validity
Interrater reliability
Interval data
Intervention
Interview guide
Interview survey
Intrastate reliability
Level of significance
Likert scale
List five data sources, other than journal articles, that a researcher should consider when doing a
comprehensive search? Five data sources, other than journal articles, that
researchers should consider when doing a comprehensive search are videotapes, audiotapes,
websites, government reports, and statistical data (such as census
data, economic data, crime data, and Medicare data).
See figure 20.4 for more information.
Literature review
Longitudinal
Meta-analysis
Metric
Missing values
Mixed methods research
Model
Mortality (attrition)
Multivariate
Naturalism
Naturalistic study
Negative (inverse) relationship
Nominal data
Non participant observation
Nonparametric (distribution-free) technique
Nonrandom sampling
Null hypothesis
Observational research
One-tailed hypothesis
Operational definition
Operationalize
Ordinal data
Outcomes research
Paradigm
Parametric technique
Parsimony
Participant observation
Peer review
Peer-reviewed (refereed) journal
