MAST 200 Exam 1 (with Complete Solutions) .

Description and definition of OCEANOGRAPHY correct answers - the study of the ocean using a combination of geology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, geography, and biology. • The three major stages in oceanic research correct answers - explore, describe, and integrate • Why is the scientific method important in scientific research? correct answers - It helps us learn about the world around us in an accurate way What is the hydrosphere? Where does most of the water reside? correct answers - The envelope of gaseous, liquid, and solid water on the earth, including oceans, lakes, groundwater, ice and snow and water vapor - 90% of the water on the globe resides in the ocean • Know the basic cross section of the earth, and the "oreo cookie model." correct answers • Understand the key characteristics of oceanic vs. continental crust. correct answers - Continents rise above sea level because they float on dense, deformable layer beneath them. - Water is less dense than continental crust which is less dense than oceanic crust. The importance of seismology in understanding Earth's structure. correct answers The timing and strength of seismic waves gives us a valid picture of Earth's interior What is bathymetry? correct answers - The measurement of depth in the ocean in order to delineate the submarine topography What is the average depth of the ocean? correct answers - 12,100 feet or 3688 m What is the deepest spot in the ocean? correct answers - Mariana's Trench = 11,000 m Magellan correct answers Died before circumnavigation of Earth complete Boyle correct answers Father of chemical oceanography Newton correct answers Correctly explained tidal forces Cook correct answers Determined outline of Pacific Ocean Franklin correct answers First to chart the Gulf Stream Forbes correct answers Maintained ocean was lifeless below 550 ft. Maury correct answers Compiled/standardized wind and current data from US Navy ship logs Darwin correct answers Theories on coral atoll formation