Water Distribution Glossary Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
SOLVED!!
Appurtenance - ANSWER-Machinery, appliances, structures and other parts of the
main structure necessary to allow it to operate as intended, but not considered part
of the main structure.
Back Pressure - ANSWER-A pressure that can cause water to backflow into the
water supply when a user's water system is at a higher pressure than the public
water system.
Backflow - ANSWER-A reverse flow condition, created by a difference in water
pressures, which causes water to flow back into the distribution pipes of a potable
water supply from any source or sources other than an intended source.
Backsiphonage - ANSWER-A form of backflow caused by a negative or below
atmospheric pressure within a waterr system.
C-Factor - ANSWER-A value or factor used to indicate the smoothness of the interior
of a pipe. The higher the C Factor, the smoother the pipe, the greater the carrying
capacity, and the smaller the friction or energy losses from water flowing in the pipe.
C-Factor = - ANSWER-Flow, GPM divided by 193.75(Diameter, ft)exp.
2.63(Slope)exp. 0.54
Cathodic Protection - ANSWER-An electrical system for prevention of rust,
corrosion, and pitting of metal surfaces which are in contact with water or soil.
Corporation Stop - ANSWER-A water service shutoff valve located at a street water
main. This valve cannot be operated from the ground surface because it is buried
and there is no valve box. Also called a corporation cock.
Corrosion - ANSWER-The gradual decomposition or destruction of a material by
chemical action, often due to an electrochemical reaction. Corrosion may be caused
by (1) stray current electrolysis, (2) galvanic corrosion caused by dissimilar metals,
or (3) differential-concentration cells. Corrosion starts at the surface of a material and
moves inward.
Cross Connection - ANSWER-A connection between a drinking (potable) water
system and an unapproved water supply. For example, if you have a pump moving
nonpotable water and hook into the drinking water system to supply water for the
, pump seal, a cross connection or mixing between the two water systems can occur.
This mixing may lead to contamination of the drinking water.
Curb Stop - ANSWER-A water service shutoff valve located in a water service pipe
near the curb and between the water main and the building. This valve is usually
operated by a wrench or valve key and is used to start or stop flows in the water
service line to a building. Also called a curb cock.
Dynamic Pressure - ANSWER-When a pump is operating, the vertical distance (in
feet) from a reference point (such as a pump centerline) to the hydraulic grade line is
the dynamic head.
Dynamic Pressure, psi= - ANSWER-(Dynamic Head, ft)(0.433 psi/ft)
Electrolysis - ANSWER-The decomposition of material by an outside electric current.
Energy Grade Line (EGL) - ANSWER-A line that represents the elevation of energy
head (in feet) of water flowing in a pipe, conduit or channel. The line is drawn above
the hydraulic grade line (gradient) a distance equal to the velocity head (Vexp.2/2g)
of the water flowing at each section or point along the pipe or channel.
Entrain - ANSWER-To trap bubbles in water either mechanically through turbulence
or chemically through a reaction.
Friction Losses - ANSWER-The head, pressure or energy (they are the same) lost
by water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence caused by the velocity
of the flowing water and the roughness of the pipe, channel walls, or restrictions
caused by fittings. Water flowing in a pipe loses head, pressure or energy as a result
of friction losses.
Galvanize - ANSWER-To coat a metal (especially iron or steel) with zinc.
Galvanization is the process of coating a metal with zinc.
Grade - ANSWER-(1) The elevation of the invert (or bottom) of a pipeline, canal,
culvert, or similar conduit. (2) The inclination or slope of a pipeline, conduit, stream
channel, or natural ground surface; usually expressed in terms of the ratio or
percentage of number of units of vertical rise or fall per unit of horizontal distance. A
0.5 percent grade would be a drop of one-half foot per hundred feet of pipe.
Head Loss - ANSWER-The head, pressure or energy (they are the same) lost by
water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence caused by the velocity of
the flowing water and the roughness of the pipe, channel walls, or restrictions
caused by fittings. Water flowing in a pipe loses head, pressure or energy as a result
of friction losses. The head loss through a filter is due to friction losses caused by
material building up on the surface or in the top part of a filter.
High-line jumpers - ANSWER-Pipes or hoses connected to fire hydrants and laid on
top of the ground to provide emergency water service for an isolated portion of a
distribution system.
Questions and Answers 100%
SOLVED!!
Appurtenance - ANSWER-Machinery, appliances, structures and other parts of the
main structure necessary to allow it to operate as intended, but not considered part
of the main structure.
Back Pressure - ANSWER-A pressure that can cause water to backflow into the
water supply when a user's water system is at a higher pressure than the public
water system.
Backflow - ANSWER-A reverse flow condition, created by a difference in water
pressures, which causes water to flow back into the distribution pipes of a potable
water supply from any source or sources other than an intended source.
Backsiphonage - ANSWER-A form of backflow caused by a negative or below
atmospheric pressure within a waterr system.
C-Factor - ANSWER-A value or factor used to indicate the smoothness of the interior
of a pipe. The higher the C Factor, the smoother the pipe, the greater the carrying
capacity, and the smaller the friction or energy losses from water flowing in the pipe.
C-Factor = - ANSWER-Flow, GPM divided by 193.75(Diameter, ft)exp.
2.63(Slope)exp. 0.54
Cathodic Protection - ANSWER-An electrical system for prevention of rust,
corrosion, and pitting of metal surfaces which are in contact with water or soil.
Corporation Stop - ANSWER-A water service shutoff valve located at a street water
main. This valve cannot be operated from the ground surface because it is buried
and there is no valve box. Also called a corporation cock.
Corrosion - ANSWER-The gradual decomposition or destruction of a material by
chemical action, often due to an electrochemical reaction. Corrosion may be caused
by (1) stray current electrolysis, (2) galvanic corrosion caused by dissimilar metals,
or (3) differential-concentration cells. Corrosion starts at the surface of a material and
moves inward.
Cross Connection - ANSWER-A connection between a drinking (potable) water
system and an unapproved water supply. For example, if you have a pump moving
nonpotable water and hook into the drinking water system to supply water for the
, pump seal, a cross connection or mixing between the two water systems can occur.
This mixing may lead to contamination of the drinking water.
Curb Stop - ANSWER-A water service shutoff valve located in a water service pipe
near the curb and between the water main and the building. This valve is usually
operated by a wrench or valve key and is used to start or stop flows in the water
service line to a building. Also called a curb cock.
Dynamic Pressure - ANSWER-When a pump is operating, the vertical distance (in
feet) from a reference point (such as a pump centerline) to the hydraulic grade line is
the dynamic head.
Dynamic Pressure, psi= - ANSWER-(Dynamic Head, ft)(0.433 psi/ft)
Electrolysis - ANSWER-The decomposition of material by an outside electric current.
Energy Grade Line (EGL) - ANSWER-A line that represents the elevation of energy
head (in feet) of water flowing in a pipe, conduit or channel. The line is drawn above
the hydraulic grade line (gradient) a distance equal to the velocity head (Vexp.2/2g)
of the water flowing at each section or point along the pipe or channel.
Entrain - ANSWER-To trap bubbles in water either mechanically through turbulence
or chemically through a reaction.
Friction Losses - ANSWER-The head, pressure or energy (they are the same) lost
by water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence caused by the velocity
of the flowing water and the roughness of the pipe, channel walls, or restrictions
caused by fittings. Water flowing in a pipe loses head, pressure or energy as a result
of friction losses.
Galvanize - ANSWER-To coat a metal (especially iron or steel) with zinc.
Galvanization is the process of coating a metal with zinc.
Grade - ANSWER-(1) The elevation of the invert (or bottom) of a pipeline, canal,
culvert, or similar conduit. (2) The inclination or slope of a pipeline, conduit, stream
channel, or natural ground surface; usually expressed in terms of the ratio or
percentage of number of units of vertical rise or fall per unit of horizontal distance. A
0.5 percent grade would be a drop of one-half foot per hundred feet of pipe.
Head Loss - ANSWER-The head, pressure or energy (they are the same) lost by
water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence caused by the velocity of
the flowing water and the roughness of the pipe, channel walls, or restrictions
caused by fittings. Water flowing in a pipe loses head, pressure or energy as a result
of friction losses. The head loss through a filter is due to friction losses caused by
material building up on the surface or in the top part of a filter.
High-line jumpers - ANSWER-Pipes or hoses connected to fire hydrants and laid on
top of the ground to provide emergency water service for an isolated portion of a
distribution system.
