HESI A2 MODULE SECTION IV SET 1 PART 1 – SCIENCE

HESI A2 MODULE SECTION IV SET 1 PART 1 – SCIENCE Set 1 Section IV – Science 1. Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from thepresence and flow of electric charge. Which of the following statements about electricityis/are true? a. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. b. Electric current is a movement or flow of electrically charged particles. c. Electric potential is a fundamental interaction between the magnetic field and the presenceand motion of an electric charge. d. An influence produced by an electric charge on other charges in its vicinity is an electric field. C Electric potential is a fundamental interaction between the magnetic field and the presence andmotion of an electric charge. Electric potential is the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically measured in volts, while electromagnetism is a fundamental interaction between the magnetic field and the presence and motion of an electric charge 2. Which of the following is/are not included in Ohm’s Law? a. Ohm’s Law defines the relationships between (P) power, (E) voltage, (I) current, and (R) resistance. b. One ohm is the resistance value through which one volt will maintain a current of one ampere. c. Using Ohm’s Law, voltage is determined using V = IR, with I equaling current and R equaling resistance. d. An ohm (Ω) is a unit of electrical voltage. D An ohm (Ω) is a unit of electrical voltage is not true. Note: An ohm is a unit of electrical resistance. 3. The property of a conductor that restricts its internal flow of electrons is: a. Friction b. Power c. Current d. Resistance D The property of a conductor that restricts its internal flow of electrons is resistance. 4. In physics, is the force that opposes the relative motion of two bodiesin contact. a. Resistance b. Abrasiveness c. Friction d. Antagonism C In physics, friction is the force that opposes the relative motion of two bodies in contact 5. What is the difference, of any, between kinetic energy and potential energy? a. Kinetic energy is the energy of a body that results from heat while potential energy is theenergy possessed by an object that is chilled b. Kinetic energy is the energy of a body that results from motion while potential energy is theenergy possessed by an object by virtue of its position or state, e.g., as in a compressed spring. c. There is no difference between kinetic and potential energy; all energy is the same. d. Potential energy is the energy of a body that results from motion while kinetic energy is theenergy possessed by an object by virtue of its position or state, e.g., as in a compressed spring. B Kinetic energy is the energy of a body that results from motion while potential energy is theenergy possessed by an object by virtue of its position or state, e.g., as in a compressed spring. 6. What are considered the four fundamental forces of nature? a. Gravity, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force b. Gravity, electromagnetic force, negative nuclear force, and positive nuclear force c. Polarity, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force d. Gravity, chemical magnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force A The four fundamental forces of nature are gravity, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force,and strong nuclear force. 7. Starting with the weakest, arrange the fundamental forces of nature in order of strength. a. Gravity, Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force b. Weak Nuclear Force, Gravity, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force c. Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force, Gravity d. Gravity, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force A Starting with the weakest, the fundamental forces of nature in order of strength are, Gravity,Weak nuclear force, Electromagnetic force, Strong nuclear force. Note: Although gravitational force is the weakest of the four, it acts over great distances. Electromagnetic force is of order 1039 times stronger than gravity. 8. What is the difference between Strong Nuclear Force and Weak Nuclear Force? a. The Strong Nuclear Force is an attractive force that binds protons and neutrons and maintains the structure of the nucleus, and the Weak Nuclear Force is responsible for the radioactive beta decay and other subatomic reactions. b. The Strong Nuclear Force is responsible for the radioactive beta decay and other subatomicreactions, and the Weak Nuclear Force is an attractive force that binds protons and neutrons and maintains the structure of the nucleus. c. The Weak Nuclear Force is feeble and the Strong Nuclear Force is robust. d. The Strong Nuclear Force is a negative force that releases protons and neutrons and threatens the structure of the nucleus, and the Weak Nuclear Force is an attractive force thatbinds protons and neutrons and maintains the structure of the nucleus. A The Strong Nuclear Force is an attractive force that binds protons and neutrons and maintains the structure of the nucleus, and the Weak Nuclear Force is responsible for the radioactive betadecay and other subatomic reactions. Note: The Weak Nuclear Force is so named because it is only effective for short distances. Nevertheless, it is through the Weak Nuclear Force that the sun provides us with energy by allowing one element to change into another element 9. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that: a. No detectable gain but, depending on the substances used, some loss can occur in chemicalreactions. b. No detectable gain or loss occurs in chemical reactions. c. No detectable loss but some gain occurs in chemical reactions. d. Depending on the substances used, substantial gain or loss can occur in chemical reactions. B No detectable gain or loss occurs in chemical reactions. Note: No detectable gain or loss in mass occurs in chemical reactions. However, the state of a substance may change in a chemical reaction. For example, substances involving in a chemicalreaction can change from solid states to gaseous states but the total mass will not change. 10. What is the difference, if any, between convection and heat radiation? a. Thermal radiation is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids; convection is electromagnetic radiation emitted from all matter due to its possessingthermal energy. b. Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids;thermal radiation is nuclear energy emitted from all matter due to its possessing thermal energy. c. Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids; thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from all matter due to its possessingthermal energy. d. Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids; thermal radiation is the barely detectable light emitted from all matter due to its possessingthermal energy. C Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids; thermalradiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from all matter due to its possessing thermal energy. Note: In physics, the term “fluid” means any substance that deforms under shear stress; it includes liquids, gases, plasmas, and some plastic solids. Sunlight is solar electromagnetic radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun, and this thermal radiation heats the Earth. 11. In cells, the cell cycle is the cycle of events involving cell division,including , , and . a. Prokaryotic, meiosis, cytokinesis, and interphase b. Eukaryotic, meiosis, cytokinesis, and interphase c. Eukaryotic, mitosis, kinematisis, and interphase d. Eukaryotic, mitosis, cytokinesis, and interphase D In Eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle is the cycle of events involving cell division, including mitosis, cytokinesis, and interphase. 12. Which, if any, of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is false? a. Prokaryotic cells include such organisms as E. coli and Streptococcus. b. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes and organelles. c. Prokaryotic cells break down food using cellular respiration and fermentation. d. All of these statements are true. D All of these statements are true. 13. is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and iscapable of self-replication. a. RNA b. Triglyceride c. DNA d. DAR C DNA is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication. 14. The complementary bases found in DNA are and or and . a. Adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine b. Cytosine and thymine or adenine and guanine c. Adenine and cytosine or thymine and guanine d. None of the above A The complementary bases found in DNA are adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. 15. A/an is the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA); their sequence determines individual hereditary characteristics. a. Gene b. Nucleotide c. Phosphate d. Nitrogen base B A nucleotide is the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA); their sequencedetermines individual hereditary characteristics. 16. is a that plays an important role in the creationof new . a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chain of nucleotides that plays an important role in the creation of new proteins. b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a chain of nucleotides that plays an important role in the creation ofnew proteins. c. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a cluster of enzymes that plays an important role in the creation ofnew proteins. d. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a chain of nucleotides that plays an important role in the creation ofnew genes. B Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a chain of nucleotides that plays an important role in the creation