OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 26: Nervous System Infections

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 26: Nervous System Infections * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is the innermost membrane surrounding the brain? A. arachnoid mater B. dura mater C. pia mater* D. ventricle mater 2. Which term describes tingling or numbness in peripheral nerves? A. neuralgia B. neurological deficit C. neuropathy* D. neurotaxis 3. Which part of a neuron releases neurotransmitters? A. the dendrites B. the myelin sheath C. the synapse D. the synaptic terminals* 4. Which of the following terms describes inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain? A. cephalic tetanus B. encephalitis C. meningitis* D. neuritis 5. Before enrolling in college, students are encouraged to undergo vaccination for which of the following diseases? A. botulism B. candidiasis C. listeriosis D. meningococcal meningitis* 6. Hansen’s disease is more commonly known as which of the following? A. leprosy* B. pneumococcal meningitis C. poliomyelitis D. tetanus 7. Which of the following is an example of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy? A. chronic wasting disease* B. St. Louis encephalitis C. tetanus D. Zika virus 8. Which term describes a nervous system infection caused by a fungus? A. bacillary infection B. dermatomycosis C. neuromycosis* D. transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 9. Human African trypanosomiasis is transmitted by which of the following? A. contaminated water B. mosquitoes C. ticks D. tsetse flies* 10. Schwann cells serve a function similar to that of oligodendrites, but, unlike oligodendrites, they are located in which part of the nervous system? A. brain B. central nervous system C. peripheral nervous system* D. spinal cord 11. Which of the following describes the difference between a glial cell and a neuron? A. Neurons are white matter and glial cells are gray matter. B. Neurons conduct impulses and glial cells have supportive roles.* C. Only neurons are technically nervous tissue. D. Only neurons can contribute to myelination. 12. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) reveals the presence of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. This finding most likely indicates which of the following? A. an adverse medication reaction B. head trauma C. infectious meningitis or encephalitis* D. leukemia 13. Which of the following is not a common cause of bacterial meningitis? A. Haemophilus influenzae B. Neisseria meningitidis C. Staphylococcus aureus* D. Streptococcus pneumoniae 14. Which fungal pathogen causes brain abscesses, rather than meningitis? A. Aspergillus fumigatus B. Candida albicans C. Coccidioides immitis D. Rhizopus arrhizus* 15. Which of the following is the most common outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans infection? A. granuloma formation B. meningiti C. pneumonia D. subclinical respiratory infection* 16. Which of the following describes the role of the thick capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans? A. It facilitates movement across the blood-brain barrier. B. It inhibits clearance by phagocytosis.* C. It is involved in cell entry. D. It triggers hypersensitivity reactions. 17. Which of the following statements about antifungal medications is false? A. They are generally used at low doses. B. They can only be administered short term.* C. They do not easily cross the blood-brain barrier. D. They often have strong side effects. 18. When histoplasmosis causes meningitis, in which way does the pathogen reach the brain? A. directly from the external environment B. from the external environment via the olfactory nerve C. through dissemination from a respiratory infection* D. through dissemination from a skin infection 19. Naegleria fowleri is most common in which of the following habitats? A. cold mountain lakes B. northern rivers C. the ocean D. warm bodies of freshwater* 20. Which form of Naegleria fowerli causes primary amoebic encephalitis? A. cyst B. endospore C. merozoite D. trophozoite* 21. Amoebic keratitis is caused by: A. Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia* B. Acanthamoeba and Naegleria C. Balamuthia and Entamoeba D. Naegleria and Entamoeba 22. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Winterbottom’s? A. a central nervous system lesion in individuals with rabies B. an indication of meningitis C. lymph node enlargement associated with trypanosomiasis* D. septicemia associated with vector-borne illness 23. Trypanosomiasis is generally diagnosed using which of the following? A. clinical signs and symptoms only B. microscopy* C. nucleic acid testing D. serologic testing 24. Which of the following is one of the most common parasitic causes of brain abscesses in immunocompromised patients? A. Naegleria fowleri B. Taenia solium C. Toxoplasma gondii* D. Trypanosoma brucei 25. Which of the following is usually diagnosed via imaging? A. African trypanosomiasis B. arboviral encephalitis C. neurocysticercosis* D. rabies 26. With which of the following is rabies treated upon exposure? A. rabies immune globulin B. rabies vaccination C. rabies immune globulin and vaccination* D. supportive therapy only 27. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by which agent? A. acellular particles that resemble viruses B. particles consisting of genetic material with no outer covering C. prions that resemble normal proteins and lack nucleic acid* D. subcellular particles with proteins and DNA 28. Meningitis can cause which of the following? A. abnormal glucose levels in the CSF B. abnormal protein levels in the CSF C. leukocytes in the CSF D. leukocytes and abnormal glucose and protein levels in the CSF* 29. For how long should cryptococcal infections in non-HIV–infected individuals be treated with amphotericin B and flucytosine? A. a few days B. about a week C. at least 10 days D. at least 10 weeks* 30. Which animals are the most common reservoirs for rabies? A. birds, mice, and goats B. cats, dogs, and horses C. opossums, skunks, and feral cats D. raccoons, bats, skunks, and foxes* 31. Which of the following causes the symptoms of rabies? A. Brain cells are destroyed. B. Hydrophobia results in dehydration. C. Neurotransmitter function is disrupted in the brain.* D. Peripheral nerves are killed throughout the body. 32. Which of the following is the natural reservoir for West Nile Virus? A. birds* B. humans C. mosquitoes D. raccoons 33. Which of the following is not true of Hansen’s disease A. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. B. It is highly contagious.* C. It may be transmitted by armadillos. D. Many humans have natural immunity. 34. Demyelination is an important component of infection by which of the following? A. Clostridium tetani B. Listeria monocytogenes C. Mycobacterium leprae* D. Neisseria meningitidis 35. Listeria monocytogenes is able to penetrate the intestinal wall and blood-brain barrier because of which of the following? A. a capsule B. internalins* C. neurotoxins D. small size True/False 36. Neuropathy is caused solely by pathogens. Answer: False