BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)

BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+) When was earth formed? - correct answer 4.55 billion years ago When did life on earth first appear? - correct answer 3.5 billion years ago What are the evolutionary mechanisms? - correct answer *Nonrandom mating *Migration *Genetic drift *Natural selection When does allopatric speciation occur? - correct answer when members of the same species become geographically separated When does sympatric speciation occur? - correct answer when members of the same species diverge in the absence of a physical barrier What are the prezygotic isolating mechanisms? - correct answer *habitat isolation BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers Updated 2024/2025 Graded A+ *temporal isolation *behavioral isolation *mechanical isolation *gametic isolation What are the postzygotic isolating mechanisms? - correct answer *hybrid inviability *hybrid sterility *hybrid breakdown What is systematics? - correct answer *science of biological diversity *union of taxonomy & phylogenetics What is the taxonomic hierarchy? - correct answer *Life *Domain *Supergroup *Kingdom *Phylum *Class *Order *Family *Genus *Species What is a plesiomorphic state? - correct answer one that is ancestral What is an apomorphic state? - correct answer one that is derived What is a synapomorphy? - correct answer *shared derived character state *character state that unites a clade How long are typical bacteria? - correct answer 2 micrometers Where does metabolism occur in bacteria? - correct answer in the cytoplasm Where is genetic material localized in bacteria? - correct answer in the nucleoid What synthesized proteins in bacteria? - correct answer ribosomes What is the density of bacterial ribosomes? - correct answer 70S -50S large subunit -30S small subunit What is the bacterial cell wall composed of? - correct answer peptidoglycan- polysaccharide chains with peptide cross-links What is glycocalyx? - correct answer a viscous covering on bacteria What is the purpose of glycocalyx? - correct answer *traps water and prevents bacteria from drying out *provides protection *may help with attachment obligate aerobes - correct answer require oxygen for aerobic respiration obligate anaerobes - correct answer poisoned by oxygen facultative anaerobes - correct answer can use oxygen in aerobic respiration, obtain energy via anaerobic fermentation, or use inorganic chemical reactions to obtain energy aerotolerant anaerobes - correct answer not poisoned by oxygen, but obtain energy, but obtain energy by fermentation or anaerobic respiration conjugation - correct answer DNA transferred from one cell to another via pilus transformation - correct answer living cell acquires DNA fragment from dead cell transduction - correct answer DNA fragment carried from donor to recipient by virus How many recognized phyla of bacteria are there? - correct answer 29 Bacterial Phylum: *mostly cocci or bacilli *Gram positive *low GC content *many produce resistant endospores *various habitats *notable pathogens - correct answer Firmicutes Bacterial Phylum: *branched filaments *Gram positive *high GC content *many form spores *various habitats *notable antibiotic producers - correct answer Actinobacteria Bacterial Phylum: *tiny (0.25-0.5 micrometers) *Gram negative *obligate intracellular pathogens - correct answer Chlamydiae Bacterial Phylum: *spirilla with axial filaments *Gram negative *notable pathogens - correct answer Spirochaetes Bacterial Phylum: *usually filamentous *stain Gram negative, but have wall structure of the Gram positive type *many use light for energy - correct answer Chloroflexi Bacterial Phylum: *stain Gram positive, but have wall structure of the Gram negative type *extremophiles - correct answer Deinococcus-Thermus Which bacterial phylum is resistant to radiation? - correct answer Deinococcus Which bacterial phylum inhabits hot springs? - correct answer Thermus Which species of bacteria is Taq polymerase obtained from? - correct answer Thermus aquaticus Bacterial Phylum: *Gram negative *extreme metabolic diversity *evolutionarily, geologically, and environmentally important *includes most known bacteria of medical, industrial, and agricultural significance - correct answer Proteobacteria