NUR 210 exam 1 material Pharmacology Principles fully well solved

NUR 210 exam 1 material Pharmacology Principles fully well solveddrug response - correct answer the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION Goal is to: - maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response - minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration Three phases of drug action - correct answer 1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution) 2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body) 3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body) 1. pharmaceutic phase - correct answer the drug goes into solution - Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for absorption - must be dissolved before it can be absorbed - most absorption takes place in the small intestine 2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - correct answer "what the BODY does to the drug" - absorption - distribution - metabolism/ biotransformation - exertion pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - correct answer (small intestine) the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - correct answer drug moves from blood --> cell membrane pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - correct answer lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble metabolite pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - correct answer water soluble metabolite (kidneys) liver - correct answer breaks down the drug kidneys - correct answer excretes the drug Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - correct answer orally --> stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted) IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - correct answer -drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane - WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores Absorption 1. direct penetration of the membranes 2. channels and pores 3. transport systems - correct answer the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the blood